Bile from a patient with anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal union promotes the proliferation of human cholangiocarcinoma cells via COX-2 pathway

Table 1 Effects of bile on the growth of QBC939 with or without celecoxib

Group	OD490	P	+CE OD490	P
A	0.82 ± 0.19	bP = 0.008, dP = 0.005	0.33 ± 0.14	bP = 0.297, dP = 0.103
B	0.47 ± 0.14	bP = 0.398	0.26 ± 0.07	bP = 0.052
C	0.43 ± 0.10		0.24 ± 0.09

QBC939 cells were incubated in 1% APBDU bile (A), 1% normal bile (B) or 1% PBS (C) with or without 20 µmol/L celecoxib (+CE), and the cells density (OD_490nm) was measured by using MTT assay. Data were expressed as ^-x±s, b vs C, d vs B.

Table 2 Expression level of COX-2 mRNA

Group	n	COX-2/β-actin	t	P
A	6	0.4322 ± 0.0448	bt = 11.556, dt = 5.010	bP < 0.001, dP = 0.004
B	6	0.2267 ± 0.0638	bt = 1.820	bP = 0.128
C	6	0.1367 ± 0.0653

COX-2 mRNA expression level was determined by COX-2/β-actin protein. Data were expressed as ^-x±s, b vs C (PBS), d vs B (normal bile), A: APBDU.