Risk factors for the gastric cardia cancer: A case-control study in Fujian Province

Table 1 Age and sex distribution of the observed cases and the controls

	Age (yrs)	Controls		Cardia cancer		Gastric cancer		Total		P value
		n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)	n	(%)
Female	30-	13	(22.8)	2	(5.7)	9	(15.8)	24	(16.1)
	45-	15	(26.3)	15	(42.9)	13	(22.8)	43	(28.9)
	55-	13	(22.8)	9	(25.7)	19	(33.3)	41	(27.5)
	65-	16	(28.1)	9	(25.7)	16	(28.1)	41	(27.5)	0.209
Male	30-	29	(17.6)	10	(6.4)	17	(12.8)	56	(12.3)
	45-	37	(22.4)	27	(17.3)	31	(23.3)	95	(20.9)
	55-	44	(26.7)	49	(31.4)	42	(31.6)	135	(29.7)
	65-	55	(33.3)	70	(44.9)	43	(32.3)	168	(37.0)	0.025

Table 2 Potential risk or protective factors for cardia and non- cardia gastric cancers, odds ratios & 95% confidence Interval (CI)

Variables	Controls	Cardia cancer				Non-cardia gastric cancer
	n	n	OR*	95%CI	P	n	OR*	95%CI	P
Irregular meals
No	165	101				98
Sometimes	36	45	1.971	1.152-3.374	0.013	50	2.310	1.375-3.897	0.002
Frequently	21	45	4.184	2.260-7.747	0.000	42	3.662	1.997-6.717	0.000
P For trend			0.000				0.000
Over eating for each meal
No	105	103				156
Sometimes	55	58	1.864	1.139-3.050	0.013	63	1.806	1.122-1.908	0.015
Frequently	11	28	4.720	2.067-10.781	0.000	24	3.499	1.569-7.801	0.002
P For trend			0.034				0.000
Eating speed
Slow	33	18				20
Moderate	110	67	1.058	0.531-2.107	0.874	85	1.308	0.688-2.485	0.412
Fast	79	106	2.645	1.318-5.307	0.006	85	1.878	0.968-3.644	0.063
P For trend			0.000				0.043
Years of education
≤ 6	90	121				96
> 6	132	70	0.317	0.204-0.492	0.000	94	0.643	0.426-0.972	0.036
Monthly Food Expense (RMB)
< 80	62	79				65
80-	61	60	0.653	0.387-1.102	0.110	64	0.971	0.580-1.625	0.911
100-	59	34	0.397	0.223-0.710	0.002	46	0.697	0.405-1.199	0.192
200-	40	18	0.313	0.155-0.630	0.001	15	0.356	0.175-0.726	0.004
P For trend			0.000				0.044
Salty fish intake
< 1 times/M	170	139				134
< 3 times/W	49	41	t1.019	0.615-1.690	0.941	41	1.058	0.646-1.730	0.824
≥ 3 times/W	3	11	5.518	1.367-19.461	0.015	15	5.706	1.588-20.49	0.008
P For trend			0.111				0.020
Fresh vegetables intake
< 3 times/W	14	25				18
≥ 3 times/W	208	166	0.439	0.212-0.909	0.027	172	0.644	0.303-1.367	0.252
Fresh fruit intake
< 1 times/M	30	52				44
< 3 times/W	127	116	0.565	0.328-0.973	0.040	115	0.586	0.339-1.015	0.057
≥ 3 times/W	65	23	0.225	0.112-0.452	0.000	31	0.289	0.149-0.561	0.000
P For trend			0.000				0.000
Pickled vegetables intake
< 1 times/M	88	61				69
< 3 times/W	76	63	1.335	0.804-2.214	0.264	64	1.139	0.701-1.852	0.598
≥ 3 times/W	58	67	1.762	1.044-2.974	0.034	57	1.269	0.766-2.103	0.355
P For trend			0.038				0.367
Cooking oil
Other type	56	32				28
Peanut oil	149	103	0.533	0.347-0.820	0.004	115	0.738	0.485-1.124	0.157
Lard oil	93	117	2.327	1.521-3.562	0.000	107	1.853	1.230-2.794	0.003
Drinking water
Other type	27	30				32
Well water	60	98	2.822	1.826-4.360	0.000	76	1.804	1.176-2.768	0.007
Tap water	135	63	0.301	0.195-0.464	0.000	82	0.461	0.306-0.694	0.000
Use of refrigerator
No	83	108				86
< 10 yrs	45	46	0.764	0.449-1.302	0.323	53	1.155	0.689-1.935	0.585
≥ 10 yrs	94	37	0.242	0.143-0.409	0.000	51	0.426	0.263-0.693	0.001
P For trend			0.000				0.007
Family Cancer History
No	190	122				131
Yes	32	69	2.090	1.261-3.464	0.004	59	1.325	0.814-2.157	0.257

*Adjusted by age, gender, smoking, drinking, and family cancer history in the first-degree relatives.

Table 3 The interrelation between smoking and kinds of gastric cancers

Variables	Controls	Cardia cancer				Non-cardia gastric cancer
	n	n	OR*	95%CI	P	n	OR*	95%CI	P
Smoking						99
No	120	74
Yes	102	117	2.090	1.261-3.464	0.004	91	1.325	0.814-2.157	0.257
Daily consumed cigarettes
0	120	74				99
< 19	37	28	1.443	0.753-2.766	0.270	27	1.092	0.579-2.062	0.785
≥ 20	65	89	2.513	1.455-4.339	0.001	64	1.478	0.863-2.531	0.155
P For trend			0.000				0.472
Smoking duration (yrs)
0	120	74				99
< 30	53	37	1.408	0.755-2.625	0.282	36	1.073	0.596-1.933	0.814
≥ 30	49	80	2.717	1.548-4.768	0.000	55	1.600	0.906-2.825	0.105
P For trend	0.000					0.289

*Adjusted by age, gender, drinking and family cancer history in the first-degree relatives.

Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression analysis

Selected variable	(	Sχ	OR	95%CI	P
Family cancer history	1.455	0.289	4.286	2.431-7.554	0.000
Irregular meal	0.647	0.160	1.909	1.396-2.610	0.000
Fast eating	0.707	0.185	2.028	1.412-2.912	0.000
Fresh fruit intake	-0.439	0.195	0.645	0.439-0.945	0.025
Well-water drinking	0.555	0.262	1.741	1.042-2.910	0.034
Use of refrigerator	-0.313	0.158	0.731	0.536-0.997	0.048
Daily cig. consumption	0.298	0.158	1.347	0.989-1.835	0.059
Years of education	-0.759	0.269	0.468	0.276-0.794	0.005