Clinicopathologic and biomolecular features of interval colorectal cancers in Korean patients: A KASID multicenter prospective study

Table 1 Comparison of clinicopathological features between interval and sporadic colorectal cancers, before and after propensity score weighting, n (%)

		Before PSW				After PSW
		Interval	Sporadic	P value	SMD	Interval	Sporadic	P value	SMD
		CRC (n = 28)	CRC (n = 79)			CRC (n = 23.60)	CRC (n = 67.48)
Clinical feature
Sex	Female	12 (42.9)	20 (25.3)	0.082	0.377	7.7 (32.4)	17.5 (25.9)	0.700	0.143
Age at diagnosis	Years, mean (SD)	66.61 (10.21)	66.00 (10.92)	0.798	0.057	68.95 (8.51)	66.71 (11.04)	0.376	0.228
BMI	kg/m2, mean (SD)	23.23 (3.66)	22.96 (3.31)	0.725	0.076	23.01 (3.22)	23.00 (3.40)	0.987	0.004
Smoking history	Non-smoker	20 (71.4)	39 (49.4)	0.08	0.54	14.1 (59.6)	35.7 (52.9)	0.293	0.608
	Ex-smoker	3 (10.7)	24 (30.4)			1.6 (6.9)	18.8 (27.8)
	Smoker	5 (17.9)	16 (20.3)			7.9 (33.5)	13.0 (19.3)
Alcohol history	Yes	11 (39.3)	29 (36.7)	0.809	0.053	12.1 (51.5)	24.2 (35.9)	0.420	0.318
Comorbidity	Yes	15 (53.6)	49 (62.0)	0.433	0.172	15.7 (66.4)	41.9 (61.9)	0.806	0.094
Family history	Yes	2 (7.1)	0 (0)	0.016	0.392	0.5 (2.2)	0 (0)	0.049	0.213
Pathological feature
Location of tumor	Left side	16 (57.1)	52 (65.8)	0.412	0.179	18.9 (80.0)	44.7 (66.2)	0.249	0.316
	Descending colon	0	2			0	1.5
	Sigmoid colon	10	26			10.5	24
	Rectum	6	24			8.4	19.2
	Right side	12 (42.9)	27 (34.2)			4.8 (20.0)	22.8 (33.8)
	Cecum	0	5			0	3.7
	Ascending colon	11	15			4.5	13.9
	Transverse colon	1	7			0.3	5.2
Size of tumor	mm, mean (SD)	39.43 (26.05)	46.84 (19.21)	0.115	0.324	39.28 (16.57)	45.43 (19.45)	0.117	0.341
Shape of tumor	Is	1 (3.6)	1 (1.3)	0.45	0.539	0.3 (1.1)	0.7 (1.1)	0.764	0.459
	Isp	0 (0.0)	1 (1.3)			0.0 (0.0)	0.7 (1.1)
	Ip	1 (3.6)	0 (0.0)			0.3 (1.1)	0.0 (0.0)
	LST-NG	2 (7.1)	1 (1.3)			0.5 (2.2)	0.7 (1.1)
	LST-G	1 (3.6)	1 (1.3)			0.3 (1.1)	0.7 (1.1)
	Fungating	9 (32.1)	23 (29.1)			7.2 (30.6)	19.7 (29.2)
	Ulcerative	4 (14.3)	16 (20.3)			7.9 (33.7)	13.7 (20.3)
	Ulceroinfiltrative	9 (32.1)	32 (40.5)			6.8 (28.9)	28.0 (41.6)
	Infiltrative	1 (3.6)	4 (5.1)			0.3 (1.3)	3.1 (4.6)
Differentiation	W/D	6 (21.4)	7 (8.9)	0.341	0.388	8.2 (34.9)	7.6 (11.3)	0.221	0.621
	M/D	19 (67.9)	61 (77.2)			14.0 (59.3)	50.7 (75.1)
	P/D	3 (10.7)	10 (12.7)			1.4 (5.8)	8.5 (12.5)
	Other	0 (0.0)	1 (1.3)			0 (0.0)	0.7 (1.1)

PSW: Propensity score weighting; CRC: Colorectal cancer; SMD: Standardized mean difference; Is: Sessile; Isp: Semi-pedunculated; Ip: Pedunculated; LST-NG: Laterally spreading tumor-nongranular; LST-G: Laterally spreading tumor-granular; W/D: Well-differentiated; M/D: Moderately differentiated; P/D: Poorly differentiated.

Table 2 Comparison of biomolecular features between interval and sporadic colorectal cancers, before and after propensity score weighting, n (%)

		Before PSW				After PSW
		Interval CRC (n = 28)	Sporadic CRC (n = 79)	P value	SMD	Interval CRC (n = 23.60)	Sporadic CRC (n = 67.48)	P value	SMD
CIMP	Negative	23 (82.1)	75 (94.9)	0.036	0.410	26.5 (93.8)	76.0 (95.5)	0.670	0.077
	Positive	5 (17.9)	4 (5.1)			1.5 (6.2)	3.0 (4.5)
KRAS	Wild type	23 (82.1)	50 (63.3)	0.066	0.433	22.0 (74.6)	55.9 (65.8)	0.641	0.194
	Non-wild type	5 (17.9)	29 (36.7)			6.0 (25.4)	23.1 (34.2)
MSI	MSS	27 (96.4)	76 (96.2)	0.957	0.012	27.2 (96.7)	76.7 (96.6)	0.981	0.005
	MSI	1 (3.6)	3 (3.8)			0.8 (3.3)	2.3 (3.4)
BRAF	Negative	25 (89.3)	76 (96.2)	0.172	0.269	27.1 (96.0)	76.7 (96.6)	0.846	0.034
	Positive	3 (10.7)	3 (3.8)			0.9 (4.0)	2.3 (3.4)

PSW: Propensity score weighting; CRC: Colorectal cancer; SMD: Standardized mean difference; CIMP: CpG island methylator phenotype; MSI: Microsatellite instability; MSS: Microsatellite-stable.

Table 3 Comparison of clinical outcomes between interval and sporadic colorectal cancers, before and after propensity score weighting

		Before PSW				After PSW
		Interval CRC (n = 28)	Sporadic CRC (n = 79)	P value	SMD	Interval CRC (n = 23.60)	Sporadic CRC (n = 67.48)	P value	SMD
1st line treatment				0.011	0.701			0.250	0.401
	Endoscopic treatment	3 (10.7)	1 (1.3)			0.8 (3.3)	0.7 (1.1)
	Colectomy	22 (78.6)	73 (92.4)			22.0 (93.3)	63.0 (93.4)
	Chemotherapy	1 (3.6)	1 (1.3)			0.3 (1.1)	0.8 (1.1)
	Radiation therapy	0 (0.0)	4 (5.1)			0 (0.0)	3.0 (4.4)
	Chemoradiation therapy	2 (7.1)	0 (0.0)			0.5 (2.2)	0 (0.0)
Stage				0.004	0.791			0.177	0.743
	I	13 (46.3)	11 (13.9)			10.2 (43.3)	10.8 (16.1)
	II	8 (28.6)	28 (35.4)			7.4 (31.2)	24.7 (36.6)
	III	5 (17.9)	27 (34.2)			5.5 (23.2)	21.4 (31.7)
	IV	2 (7.1)	13 (16.5)			0.5 (2.3)	10.6 (15.7)
Death	Yes	8 (28.6)	22 (27.8)	0.942	0.653	5.1 (21.4)	17.9 (26.5)	0.715	0.119
Overall survival	Months, mean	88.09 (53.88)	61.25 (21.80)	< 0.001	0.653	87.96 (41.20)	61.17 (26.5)	0.032	0.813

PSW: Propensity score weighting; CRC: Colorectal cancer; SMD: Standardized mean difference.

Table 4 The risk factors for survival of patients with colorectal cancer, after propensity score weighting

		Multivariable analysis
		HR	P value
Sex	Male	Reference	0.172
	Female	1.83 (0.77-4.37)
Age at diagnosis		0.99 (0.95-1.02)	0.490
BMI		0.82 (0.70-0.96)	0.014
Family history of CRC	No	Reference	0.710
	Yes	0.51 (0.01-1.79)
Smoking	None	Reference
	Ex-smoker	2.39 (0.71-8.05)	0.161
	Smoker	0.75 (0.10-5.82)	0.784
Alcohol	None	Reference	0.061
	Yes	0.31 (0.10-1.06)
Comorbidity	None	Reference	0.071
	Yes	2.34 (0.93-5.88)
Size of cancer		1.00 (0.98-1.02)	0.952
Type of cancer	Sporadic cancer	Reference	0.786
	Interval cancer	0.83 (0.23-3.09)
Staging	I	Reference
	II	2.67 (0.27-19.20)	0.330
	III	9.58 (1.97-46.51)	0.005
	IV	25.36 (4.09-157.1)	< 0.001
CIMP	Negative	Reference	< 0.001
	Positive	45.15 (8.09-251.9)
KRAS	Wild type	Reference	0.547
	Non-wild type	1.34 (0.52-3.47)
MSI	MSS	Reference	< 0.001
	MSI	1.27e-8 (2e-9-8.12e-8)
BRAF	Negative	Reference	0.003
	Positive	0.08 (0.01-0.44)

CIMP: CpG island methylator phenotype; MSI: Microsatellite instability; MSS: Microsatellite-stable; BMI: Body mass index; CRC: Colorectal cancer; HR: Hazard ratio.