Small animal ex vivo machine perfusion of the liver: A comprehensive literature review

Table 1 Liver graft preparation for small animal liver ex vivo machine perfusion

Ref.	Via	Liver flush before MP
Kim et al[14]	PV	10 mL of cold UW-G solution
Dutkowski et al[15]	PV	2 mL + 3 mL + 1 mL of 4 °C UW solution (hydroxyethyl starch and glutathione free)
Compagnon et al[67]	A, PV	25 mL of ice-cold Celsior-HES solution with 500 IU of heparin
Lauschke et al[16]	PV	60 mL of HTK or Belzer MPS solutions
Lee et al[90]	NA	NA
Tan et al[91]	NA	NA
Xu et al[92]	NA	NA
Bessems et al[17]	PV	50 mL of ringer lactate
Dutkowski et al[18]	PV	2 mL + 3 mL + 1 mL of 4 °C UW solution (hydroxyethyl starch and glutathione free)
Tolboom et al[19]	PV	5 mL + 5 mL of 4 °C UW solution
Vairetti et al[20]	PV	Oxygenated KH medium
Manekeller et al[21]	PV	HTK or Belzer MPS solutions
Stegemann et al[22]	PV	20 mL of HTK or Custodiol-N solution at 4 °C
Ferrigno et al[23]	PV	Oxygenated KH medium
Lüer et al[24]	PV	20 mL of HTK solution
Olschewski et al[25]	PV	20 mL of Lifor organ preservation solution (at 4 °C, 12 °C and 21 °C)
Minor et al[26]	PV	20 mL of HTK solution
Tolboom et al[27]	PV	10 mL of saline
Giannone et al[28]	PV	20 mL of cold Celsior solution (in situ) + 30 mL of cold Celsior solution
Perk et al[29]	PV	10 mL of saline
Schlegel et al[30]	PV	6 mL of 20 °C heparinized (1 IU/mL) saline
Bruinsma et al[88]	NA	Cold UW solution
Liu et al[31]	PV	10 mL of 4 °C perfusate (control or defatting)
Carnevale et al[93]	NA	NA
Schlegel et al[32]	PV	6 mL of 20 °C heparinized (1 IU/mL) saline
Schlegel et al[33]	PV	6 mL of heparinized (1 IU/mL) saline at room temperature and UW solution at 4 °C
Bae et al[34]	PV	200 mL of 0.9% saline
Niu et al[68]	A, PV	50 mL of ice-cold ross perfusion fluid with 10 IU/mL heparin. 12 mL of cold supplemented UW solution. 20 mL of Hartmann’s solution with heparin (5 U/mL)
Tarantola et al[35]	PV	KH medium
Bruinsma et al[36]	PV	10 mL of 21 °C 3-OMG loading solution + 10 mL of 21 °C 3-OMG loading solution
Ferrigno et al[37]	PV	50 mL of modified KHB
Jia et al[38]	PV	Cooled saline containing 25 IU/mL heparin
Westerkamp et al[94]	NA	NA
Carbonell et al[95]	NA	NA
Op den Dries et al[75]	PV, HA	5 mL of 37 °C 0.9% NaCl via PV + 5 mL of 4 °C 0.9% NaCl via SIVC + 20 mL of 4 °C 0.9% NaCl via PV + 5 mL of 4 °C 0.9% NaCl via HA
Okamura et al[39]	PV	50 mL of preservation solution
Berardo et al[40]	PV	Ringer lactate
Chai et al[89]	NA	Cold UW solution until liver color changed to khaki
Zeng et al[41]	PV	20 mL of 4 °C HTK solution
Beal et al[42]	PV	60 mL of cold 0.9% saline with 1 mL heparin (100 U)
Tabka et al[69]	A, PV	15 mL of 20 °C Ringer’s lactate or Celsior or with Celsior supplemented with 10-9 M of Ang IV
Xue et al[43]	PV	20 mL of 4 °C HTK solution
He et al[78]	A	Approximately 10 mL of 0-4 °C saline
Gassner et al[70]	A, PV	20 mL of 4 °C HTK solution (with/without 12 mmol/L glycine)
Zeng et al[79]	A	2 mL of cold HTK solution with 10 IU/mL heparin
Jia et al[80]	A	Cold saline with 25 IU/mL of heparin
Oldani et al[44]	PV	20 mL of cold IGL-1 solution with 100 IU heparin
Chin et al[45]	PV	50 mL of 4 °C 0.9% NaCl
Gillooly et al[46]	PV	10 CC of cold saline with 100 IU heparin
Martins et al[47]	PV	4 °C Celsior solution
Scheuermann et al[48]	PV	40 mL of cold UW solution
Claussen et al[71]	A, PV	20 mL of 4 °C HTK solution supplemented with 12 mmol/L glycine
Haque et al[49]	PV	50 mL of ice cold Ringer’s lactate with heparin
Schlegel et al[50]	PV	10 mL of cold heparinized IGL-1 solution
Nösser et al[51]	PV	20 mL of Ringer solution
Yamada et al[96]	NA	NA
Hu et al[52]	PV	20 mL of 0-4 °C HTK solution
Von Horn and Minor[53]	PV	60 mL of HTK solution
Raigani et al[54]	PV	50 mL of ice-cold 0.9% saline
Yang et al[55]	PV	2 mL of saline
Westerkamp et al[76]	PV, HA	10 mL of 37 °C 0.9% NaCl via PV. 5 mL of 4 °C HTK solution via PV. 20 mL of 4 °C HTK solution via PV. 5 mL of 4 °C HTK solution via HA
De Vries et al[86]	NA	60 mL of ice-cold saline
Liu et al[85]	HA	Heparin saline 40 mL (50 IU/L)
Lin et al[56]	PV	NA
Rigo et al[57]	PV	10 mL of cold Celsior solution. 30 mL of cold Celsior solution. 10 mL of WEM
Xu et al[97]	NA	NA
Carlson et al[58]	PV	20 mL of NaCl saline
Zhou et al[81]	A	50 mL of 4 °C HTK solution
Cao et al[59]	PV	10 mL of UW solution
De Stefano et al[60]	PV	10 mL of saline or Celsior solution
Sun et al[61]	PV	NA
Jennings et al[62]	PV	20 mL of cold 0.9% saline
Wang et al[72]	A, PV	3 mL of cold HTK solution
Asong-Fontem et al[73]	A, PV	50 mL of preservation solution. 20 mL of preservation solution at 5 °C ± 3 °C
Shi et al[77]	PV, HA	0-4 °C heparinized saline
Von Horn et al[63]	PV	60 mL of 4 °C HTK solution
Zhou et al[82]	A	50 mL of 4 °C HTK solution
Luo et al[83]	A	40 mL of heparinized saline (50 IU/mL)
Ohara et al[64]	PV	Ringer’s solution
Chen et al[65]	PV	5 mL of 37 °C heparinized saline (2500 IU/mL)
Fukai et al[74]	A, PV	60 mL of ice-chilled saline 25 mL of ice-chilled Belzer UW or Belzer MPS solutions
Hughes et al[84]	A	80 mL of 4 °C HTK solution
Bai et al[98]	NA	NA
Von Horn et al[66]	PV	60 mL of 4 °C HTK solution
Li et al[87]	NA	NaCl solution

A: Aorta; NA: Not written or not applicable in the main article; HA: Hepatic artery; UW: University of Wisconsin; UW-G: University of Wisconsin-gluconate; HTK: Histidine Tryptophan Ketoglutarate; HES: Hydroxyethyl starch; Belzer MPS: Belzer machine perfusion solution; KH: Krebs Henseleit; KHB: Krebs Henseleit bicarbonate; 3-OMG: 3-O-methyl-D-glucose; NaCl: Sodium chloride; PV: Portal vein; SIVC: Suprahepatic inferior vena cava; Ang IV: Angiotensin IV; IGL: Institute George Lopez; WEM: William’s E Medium; MP: Machine perfusion.

Table 2 Cannulation techniques for small animal liver ex vivo machine perfusion

Ref.	Portal vein	Hepatic artery	Vena cava	Common bile duct
Kim et al[14]; Manekeller et al[21]; Stegemann et al[22]; Giannone et al[28]; Perk et al[29]; Bae et al[34]; Zeng et al[79]; Jia et al[80]; Gillooly et al[46]; Martins et al[47]; Haque et al[49]; Schlegel et al[50]; Cao et al[59]; Wang et al[72]; Asong-Fontem et al[73]; Li et al[87]	Yes	No or NA	No or NA	No or NA
Dutkowski et al[15]; Lee et al[90]; Bessems et al[17]; Olschewski et al[25]; Tolboom et al[27]; Bruinsma et al[88]; Carnevale et al[93]; Niu et al[68]; Bruinsma et al[36]; Zeng et al[41]; Beal et al[42]; Tabka et al[69]; Xue et al[43]; Gassner et al[70]; Oldani et al[44]; Nösser et al[51]; Hu et al[52]; Lin et al[56]; Xu et al[97]; Sun et al[61]	Yes	No or NA	Yes	Yes
Compagnon et al[67]; Westerkamp et al[94]; Op den Dries et al[75]; Okamura et al[39]; Claussen et al[71]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Lauschke et al[16]; Xu et al[92]; Dutkowski et al[18]; Tolboom et al[19]; Vairetti et al[20]; Ferrigno et al[23]; Lüer et al[24]; Minor et al[26]; Liu et al[31]; Tarantola et al[35]; Ferrigno et al[37]; Berardo et al[40]; He et al[78]; Chin et al[45]; Scheuermann et al[48]; Yamada et al[96]; Von Horn and Minor[53]; Raigani et al[54]; Yang et al[55]; De Vries et al[86]; Rigo et al[57]; Carlson et al[58]; De Stefano et al[60]; Jennings et al[62]; Von Horn et al[63]; Luo et al[83]; Chen et al[65]; Fukai et al[74]; Von Horn et al[66]	Yes	No or NA	No or NA	Yes
Tan et al[91]; Carbonell et al[95]; Chai et al[89]	No or NA	No or NA	No or NA	No or NA
Schlegel et al[30]; Schlegel et al[32]; Zhou et al[81]; Zhou et al[82]	Yes	No or NA	Yes	No or NA
Schlegel et al[33]	Yes	Yes	Yes	No or NA
Jia et al[38]; Shi et al[77]	Yes	Yes	No or NA	No or NA
Westerkamp et al[76]; Liu et al[85]; Ohara et al[64]; Hughes et al[84]; Bai et al[98]	Yes	Yes	No or NA	Yes

This table shows which vessels (vena cava, hepatic artery, portal vein) and the common bile duct were cannulated in various studies, with “Yes” denoting cannulation and “No” or “NA” indicating absence or non-application. NA: Not written or not applicable in the main article.

Table 3 Experimental conditions and main findings in small animal liver ex vivo machine perfusion studies

Ref.	Animal	WI time before MP	Length of SCS before MP	MP type and length of MP
Kim et al[14]	Rats	NA	0 hour	HMP: 48 hours
Dutkowski et al[15]	Rats	11.4 minutes 0.8 minutes or 4.2 minutes 0.4 minutes	NA	HMP: 10 hours
Compagnon et al[67]	Rats	< 20 seconds	NA	HMP: 24 hours or 48 hours; NMP: 2 hours
Lauschke et al[16]	Rats	60 minutes	NA	HMP: 24 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 45 minutes
Lee et al[90]	Rats	30 minutes	NA	HMP: 5 hours
Tan et al[91]	Rats	NA	30 minutes	HMP: 36 hours
Xu et al[92]	Rats	NA	0 hour (before HMP) or 24 hours (before NMP)	HMP: 24 hours; NMP: 1 hour
Bessems et al[17]	Rats	NA	NA	HMP: 24 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 1 hour
Dutkowski et al[18]	Rats	NA	10 hours	HOPE: 3 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 40 minutes
Tolboom et al[19]	Rats	NA	0 hour	NMP: 6 hours
Vairetti et al[20]	Rats	NA	NA	4 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C, or 37 °C MP: 6 hours, NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Manekeller et al[21]	Rats	30 minutes	NA	HMP: 18 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Stegemann et al[22]	Rats	30 minutes	NA	HMP: 18 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Ferrigno et al[23]	Rats	NA	NA	HMP or SNMP: 6 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Lüer et al[24]	Rats	NA	NA	HMP: 18 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Olschewski et al[25]	Rats	60 minutes	NA	HMP or SNMP: 6 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 6 hours
Minor et al[26]	Rats	30 minutes	NA	HMP: 18 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Tolboom et al[27]	Rats	1 hour	NA	SNMP: 5 hours; NMP: 5 hours
Giannone et al[28]	Rats	NA	NA	Normobaric or hyperbaric HMP: 24 hours
Perk et al[29]	Rats	60 minutes or 90 minutes	NA	NMP: 6 hours
Schlegel et al[30]	Rats	30 minutes	4 hours	HMP: 1 hour
Bruinsma et al[88]	Rats	NA	0 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 120 hours	SNMP: 3 hours
Liu et al[31]	Rats	NA	NA	SNMP: 6 hours
Carnevale et al[93]	Rats	45 minutes	NA	HMP: 24 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 1.5 hours
Schlegel et al[32]	Rats	NA	30 minutes	HMP or HNP: 1 hour
Schlegel et al[33]	Rats	30 minutes or 60 minutes	NMP: 0 minute or 15 minutes; HOPE: 4 hours	NMP: 4 hours; HOPE: 1 hour
Bae et al[34]	Rats	30-40 minutes	NA	HMP: 8 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 90 minutes
Niu et al[68]	Rats	60 minutes	5 hours	NMP: 2 hours
Tarantola et al[35]	Rats	NA	6 hours	SNMP, NMP (reperfusion): 6 hours
Bruinsma et al[36]	Rats	NA	NA	Loading SNMP: 80 minutes; supercooling: 3-4 days; recovery SNMP: 5 hours
Ferrigno et al[37]	Rats	NA	NA	10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C or 37 °C MP: 6 hours
Jia et al[38]	Rats	NA	0 hour or 6 hours	HMP: 6 hours or 0 hour
Westerkamp et al[94]	Rats	30 minutes	6 hours	HMP or SNMP or rewarming MP: 1 hour; NMP: 2 hours
Carbonell et al[95]	Rats	NA	NA	NMP: 15 minutes to stabilize (all groups); SNMP or NMP: 30 minutes
Op den Dries et al[75]	Rats	0 minute or 30 minutes	0 hour or 3 hours	NMP: 3 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Okamura et al[39]	Rats	NA	NA	SNMP: 4 hours; NMP: 2 hours
Berardo et al[40]	Rats	NA	6 hours	SNMP: 6 hours; NMP: 2 hours
Chai et al[89]	Rats	NA	NA	HMP: 2 hours or 12 hours
Zeng et al[41]	Rats	30 minutes	NA	HMP: 3 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Beal et al[42]	Rats	NA	NA	NMP: 4 hours
Tabka et al[69]	Rats	NA	NA	SNMP: 6 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Xue et al[43]	Rats	30 minutes	NA	HMP: 3 hours; NMP: 1 hour
He et al[78]	Rats	NA	NA	HMP: 3 hours or 6 hours
Gassner et al[70]	Rats	30 minutes	NA	NMP: 6 hours
Zeng et al[79]	Mice	30 minutes	4 hours	HOPE or HNPE: 1 hour; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Jia et al[80]	Rats	NA	NA	HMP: 6 hours
Oldani et al[44]	Rats	1 hour	30 minutes	HOPE or NMP: 2 hours
Chin et al[45]	Rat	NA	NA	NMP: 6 hours
Gillooly et al[46]	Rats	25 minutes	NA	HMP, NMP: 4 hours
Martins et al[47]	Rats	NA	12 hours	NMP: 1 hour
Scheuermann et al[48]	Rats	NA	0 hour	SNMP or NMP: 4 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Claussen et al[71]	Rats	< 15 minutes	< 60 minutes	NMP: 6 hours
Haque et al[49]	Rats	NA	NA	NMP: 24 hours
Schlegel et al[50]	Rats	30 minutes	4 hours	NMP or HOPE: 1 hour
Nösser et al[51]	Rats	NA	81.71 minutes ± 28.44 minutes	SNMP or NMP: 6 hours or 12 hours
Yamada et al[96]	Rats	30 minutes	6 hours	SNMP or NMP: 30 minutes, 60 minutes or 90 minutes
Hu et al[52]	Rats	30 minutes	NA	HMP: 1 hour, 3 hours, 4 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours; NMP: 2 hours
Von Horn and Minor[53]	Rats	20 minutes	18 hours	NMP: 2 hours
Raigani et al[54]	Rats	NA	< 10 minutes	NMP: 6 hours
Yang et al[55]	Rats	30 minutes	NA	NMP: 8 hours
Westerkamp et al[76]	Rats	NA	4 hours	NMP: 3 hours
De Vries et al[86]	Rats	0 h	0 hour or 24 hours or 72 hours	SNMP: 3 hours
Liu et al[85]	Rats	0 minute, 10 minutes or 30 minutes	NA	HMP or NMP: 4 hours
Lin et al[56]	Rats	NA	1 hour	HMP: 3 hours
Rigo et al[57]	Rats	3.10 minutes (0.35) mean (SEM)	NA	NMP: 4 hours
Xu et al[97]	Rats	NA	NA	NMP: 4 hours
Carlson et al[58]	Rats	NA	< 5 minutes	NMP: 4 hours
Zhou et al[81]	Rats	30 minutes	23 hours	HOPE: 1 hour; NMP: 1 hour
Cao et al[59]	Rats	30 minutes	NA	NMP: 4 hours
De Stefano et al[60]	Rats	60 minutes	No or 34 minutes ± 7 minutes	NMP: 6 hours
Sun et al[61]	Rats	30 minutes	NA	NMP: 6 hours
Jennings et al[62]	Rats	NA	< 5 minutes	NMP: 4 hours
Wang et al[72]	Mice	10 minutes	11 hours	HOPE: 1 hour; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Asong-Fontem et al[73]	Rats	NA	24 hours	HOPE: 2 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Shi et al[77]	Rats	30 minutes	8 hours	NMP: 2 hours
Von Horn et al[63]	Rats	20 minutes	17 hours or 18 hours	HMP: 1 hour; NMP (reperfusion): 2 hours
Zhou et al[82]	Rats	30 minutes	0 hour or 23 hours	HOPE: 1 hour; NMP: 1 hour
Luo et al[83]	Rats	30 minutes	3 hours or 4 hours	HMP or HOPE: 1 hour; NMP: 2 hours
Ohara et al[64]	Rats	60 minutes	NA	NMP: 4 hours
Chen et al[65]	Mice	NA	NA	NMP: 12 hours
Fukai et al[74]	Rats	30 minutes	NA	HMP: 3 hours; NMP (reperfusion): 90 minutes
Hughes et al[84]	Rats	30 minutes	During MP priming	NMP: 4 hours
Bai et al[98]	Rats	30 minutes	8 hours	NMP: 2 hours
Von Horn et al[66]	Rats	20 minutes	18 hours	Rewarming MP: 2 hours; NMP: 1 hour
Li et al[87]	Rats	NA	NA	NMP: 3 hours

WI: Warm ischemia; SCS: Static cold storage; MP: Machine perfusion; HMP: Hypothermic machine perfusion; HOPE: Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion; NMP: Normothermic machine perfusion; NA: Not written or not applicable in the main article; HNPE: Hypothermic deoxygenated (nitrogenated) perfusion; SNMP: Subnormothermic machine perfusion.

Table 4 Perfusate compositions in small animal liver ex vivo machine perfusion studies

Ref.	Animal weight	Liver weight	Perfusate volume	Perfusate composition
Kim et al[14]	200-400 g	NA	200 mL	Cold UW-G solution
Dutkowski et al[15]	250-300 g	10.4 ± 0.3 g	500 mL	Modified UW solution: Starch and glutathione was omitted, supplemented with 80 mg/L gentamycin, and 5000 IU/L heparin
Compagnon et al[67]	300 ± 50 g	NA	150 mL	HMP: Celsior-HES solution. NMP: KHB buffer with 5% bovine serum albumin
Lauschke et al[16]	250-300 g	NA	125 mL	HMP: HTK or Belzer MPS solution supplemented with 6000 IU superoxide dismutase. NMP: KH buffer
Lee et al[90]	200-250 g	NA	100 mL	KH solution, then switched to UW solution (starch omitted)
Tan et al[91]	180-220 g	NA	120 mL	Modified Hoffmann perfusate: Hydroxyethyl starch 50 g/L, calcium gluconate 80 mmol/L, raffinose 10 mmol/L, KH2PO4 25 mmol/L, hydroxyethyl piperazine 10 mmol/L, dexamethasone 12 mg/L, penicillin 2 × 105 units/L, insulin 100 units/L, and with/without 25 mmol/L MgCl and/or 5 mmol/L ATP
Xu et al[92]	200-250 g	NA	NA	HMP: UW solution with/without starch. NMP: KH buffer solution containing 112 μmol/L taurocholic acid, and 150 μg/L hyaluronic acid
Bessems et al[17]	350 ± 50 g	16.5 ± 0.5 g	250 mL	HMP: The UW-G solution or polysol. NMP: KHB without bovine serum albumin
Dutkowski et al[18]	250-300 g	10.8 ± 1.4 g	450 mL	HOPE: Modified starch-free UW solution. NMP: KHB buffer
Tolboom et al[19]	250-300 g	9.74-0.81 g	55-60 mL	NMP: Phenol red-free WEM supplemented with 2 IU/L insulin, 40000 IU/L penicillin, 40000 mg/L streptomycin, 0.292 g/L L-glutamine, 10 mg/L hydrocortisone, 1000 IU/L heparin with 25% (v/v) freshly isolated rat plasma and freshly isolated rat erythrocytes to a hematocrit of 16% to 18%
Vairetti et al[20]	250-300 g	NA	200 mL	KH solution with 1.25 mmol/L CaCl2 or with 0.25 mmol/L CaCl2
Manekeller et al[21]	250-300 g	NA	125 mL	HMP: HTK or Blezer MPS solutions. NMP: KH buffer
Stegemann et al[22]	250-300 g	NA	HMP: 125 mL; NMP: 250 mL	HMP: HTK or modified HTK solution (custodiol-N). NMP: KH buffer with 3 g/100 mL of bovine serum albumin
Ferrigno et al[23]	375 ± 15 g and 300 ± 10 g	NA	200 mL	KH medium
Lüer et al[24]	250-300 g	NA	125 mL	HMP: HTK solution. NMP: WEM solution, supplemented with 3 mg/100 mL of bovine serum albumin
Olschewski et al[25]	250-280 g	NA	NA	HMP, SNMP: Lifor solution. NMP: KH solution
Minor et al[26]	250-300 g	NA	HMP: 125 mL; NMP: 250 mL	HMP: HTK solution supplemented with 0 μmol/L, 10 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L or 100 μmol/L of dopamine. NMP: WEM solution with 3 mg/100 mL of bovine serum albumin
Tolboom et al[27]	250-300 g	NA	55-60 mL	WEM with autologous erythrocytes and plasma. To this were added: Insulin (2 IU/L), penicillin (40000 IU/L)/streptomycin (40000 μg/L), L-glutamine (0.292 g/L), hydrocortisone (10 mg/L), and heparin (1000 IU/L)
Schlegel et al[30]	250-300 g	9.83 ± 0.95 g	50 mL	Modified starch free UW-solution
Giannone et al[28]	250-300 g	NA	NA	Celsior solution
Perk et al[29]	200-300 g	NA	55-60 mL	Phenol red-free WEM supplemented with 2 IU/L insulin (28.85 units/mg), 100000 IU/L penicillin, 100 mg/L streptomycin sulfate, 0.292 g/L L-glutamine, 10 mg/L hydrocortisone, and 1000 IU/L heparin. Fresh rat plasma (25% v/v) and erythrocytes (18%-20% v/v) were collected and added to the perfusate
Bruinsma et al[88]	180-250 g	NA	500 mL	WE supplemented with insulin (2 IU/L), penicillin (40000 IU/L)/streptomycin (40000 μg/L), L-glutamine (0.292 g/L), hydrocortisone (10 mg/L)
Liu et al[31]	NA	21.4 ± 3.6 g (control) 22.9 ± 5.8 g (defatting group)	200 mL	The control perfusate: Minimum essential medium supplemented with 3% wt/vol bovine serum albumin, 1.07 mmol/L lactic acid, and 0.11 mmol/L pyruvic acid. The defatting perfusate: The control perfusate supplemented with the 6 defatting agents (forskolin, GW7647, scoparone, hypericin, visfatin, and GW501516)
Carnevale et al[93]	250-300 g	NA	250 mL	HMP: HTK solution: 100 mmol/L sodium gluconate, 7 mmol/L potassium gluconate, 20 mmol/L sucrose, 30 mmol/L BES, 2.5 mmol/L KH2PO4, and 0.03 mmol/L polyethylene glycol (35 kDa), 5 mmol/L MgSO4, 3 mmol/L glutathione, 5 mmol/L adenosine, and 15 mmol/L glycine, together with 0.25 mg/mL streptomycin and 10 IU/mL penicillin G. NMP: KH buffer with 4% dextran added
Schlegel et al[32]	250-320 g	9.7 ± 1.5 g	50 mL	Modified starch free UW-solution
Schlegel et al[33]	250-320 g	10.14 ± 2.73 g	50 mL	NMP: Diluted full blood or leukocyte and platelet depleted blood perfusate. HOPE: Modified starch-free UW solution
Bae et al[34]	300 ± 25 g	NA	100 mL	HMP: KPS-1 solution (Identical to Belzer’s UW MPS) or KPS-1, enhanced with α-ketoglutarate, L-arginine, N-acetylcysteine, nitroglycerin, and prostaglandin E1 or KPS-1, with 5.4 × 10-2 mmol/L of α-tocopherol diluted in acetone. NMP: KHB buffer
Niu et al[68]	261 ± 4 g	NA	353 ± 11 mL	KH buffer
Tarantola et al[35]	375 ± 15 g and 300 ± 10 g	NA	200 mL	KH medium
Bruinsma et al[36]	250-300 g	Approximately 10 g	100 mL	3-OMG loading solution: 500 mL phenol-red free WEM, 5 mL of 200 mmol/L L-glutamine (0.292 mg/L), 4 mL of penicillin-streptomycin (5000 IU/mL), 5 mg of hydrocortisone, 5000 U of sodium heparin, 375 U of insulin, 19.42 g of 3-O-methyl glucose (0.2 M)
Ferrigno et al[37]	250-300 g	NA	NA	A modified KH buffer
Jia et al[38]	250-300 g	NA	60 mL	UW or HTK solutions
Westerkamp et al[94]	290-320 g	NA	100 mL	HMP, SNMP, rewarming MP: Belzer MPS. NMP: 25 mL of human red blood cell concentrate (final hematocrit 25%), 53.9 mL of WEM solution, 20 mL of human albumin (200 g/L), 1 mL of insulin (100 IU/mL), and 0.1 mL of unfractionated heparin (5000 IU/mL)
Carbonell et al[95]	225-250 g	NA	NA	KH buffer: 118 mmol/L NaCl, 4.7 mmol/L KCl, 1.2 mmol/L MgSO4, 1.2 mmol/L KH2PO4, 2.5 mmol/L CaCl2, 25 mmol/L NaHCO3, 20 mmol/L HEPES
Op den Dries et al[75]	303 ± 4 g (mean ± SEM)		100 mL	20 mL of human red blood cell concentrate (final hematocrit 15%-20%), 59 mL of WEM solution, 20 mL of human albumin (200 g/L), 1 mL of insulin (100 IU/mL), and 0.1 mL of unfractionated heparin (5000 IU/mL)
Okamura et al[39]	250-300 g	NA	300 mL	SNMP: Polysol solution. NMP: KH buffer
Berardo et al[40]	250-300 g	NA	NA	KH buffer
Chai et al[89]	250-300 g and 600-630 g	NA	80 mL	UW solution with/without 0.165 mg/L of metformin
Zeng et al[41]	250-300 g	NA	150 mL	HTK solution
Beal et al[42]	250-350 g	NA	300 mL	86 mL of 25% albumin, 184 mL of WEM, 30 mL of penicillin/streptomycin (10 IU/mL penicillin and 0.01 mg/mL streptomycin), insulin (50 IU/L), heparin (0.01 IU/mL), L-glutamine (0.292 g/L), and hydrocortisone (0.010 g/L). Addition of 625 IU/mL pegylated-catalase
Tabka et al[69]	250-300 g	NA	SNMP: 150 mL; NMP: 140 mL	SNMP: Celsior with/without Ang IV. NMP: KBB enriched with 5% albumin
Xue et al[43]	250 ± 10 g	NA	HMP: 100 mL; NMP: 250 mL	HMP: HTK solution. NMP: KH buffer with 4% dextran
He et al[78]	250-300 g	NA	NA	HTK solution
Gassner et al[70]	280-350 g	13.6 g ± 2.15 g	50 mL	NMP: Low-glucose DMEM supplemented with the rat erythrocyte concentrate and 12.5 mL strain specific rat plasma
Zeng et al[79]	20-24 g	NA	50 mL	HTK solution
Jia et al[80]	250-300 g	NA	60 mL	HTK solution
Oldani et al[44]	176 (155-193) g	NA	50 mL	HOPE: IGL-1 solution with 150 IU heparin. NMP: 25 mL Fischer rat blood with 25 mL normal saline, and with 150 IU heparin
Chin et al[45]	200-250 g	NA	150 mL	DMEM supplemented with 200 mmol/L L-glutamine, 10% v/v FBS, 5% with bovine serum albumin, 8 mg/L dexamethasone, 2000 IU/L heparin, 2 IU/L insulin, and 5 × 106 engineered rat fibroblasts
Gillooly et al[46]	Approximately 300 g	NA	100 mL	99 mL WEM with 10 IU insulin, and lipid nanoparticles (50 nM siRNA)
Martins et al[47]	320-350 g	NA	NA	50% plasma-Lyte and 50% KH solution
Scheuermann et al[48]	296 g ± 8 g (mean ± SEM)	NA	100 mL	SNMP, NMP: 80 mL of WEM supplemented with 5% bovine serum albumin, 20 mL of type O + human RBCs, 0.2 IU insulin, 29.2 mg L-glutamine, 1 mg hydrocortisone, and 500 IU heparin. NMP: KH buffer supplemented with 5% bovine serum albumin
Claussen et al[71]	280-350 g	NA	50 mL	10 mL of the erythrocyte concentrate, 35 mL of DMEM, 5 mL of strain specific rat plasma supplemented with 1000 IU heparin and 12 mmol/L glycine
Haque et al[49]	250-300 g	NA	500 mL	NMP: 950 mL of William’s E media, 20 g of bovine serum albumin, 20 g of polyethylene glycol 35000, 20 mg of dexamethasone, 2 mL of heparin, 1 mL of regular insulin, 10 mL penicillin-streptomycin, 10 mL of antibiotic-antimycotic, and 2.2 g of sodium bicarbonate
Schlegel et al[50]	250-320 g	9.8 0.6 g	100 mL	HOPE: Belzer MPS. NMP: Belzer MPS or diluted heparinized blood
Nösser et al[51]	398.87 ± 133.12 g	14.15 ± 2.66 g	250 mL, 100 mL, 80 mL, 50 mL	SNMP: 500 Ml DMEM supplemented with 100 μg/mL penicillin and streptomycin, 4 mmol/L L-glutamine/L-alanine, 1 μM human insulin, 14 ng/mL glucagon, 1 μM dexamethasone. NMP: The isolated RBCs suspended in DMEM, isolated rat plasma (10% of the total volume), and 500 IU of heparin
Yamada et al[96]	260-350 g	DCD 10.12 ± 0.93 g	NA	KH buffer
Hu et al[52]	250-300 g	NA	150 mL	HTK solution
Von Horn and Minor[53]	250-300 g	NA	200 mL	Aqix RS-I solution
Raigani et al[54]	NA	NA	500 mL	High-glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% v/v FBS, 2% v/v penicillin-streptomycin, and 3% w/v bovine serum albumin. Defatting cocktail agents include 10 μM forskolin, 1 μM GW7647, 1 μM GW501516, 10 μM scoparone, 10 μM hypericin, 0.4 ng/mL visfatin, 0.8 mmol/L L-carnitine, and additional amino acids
Yang et al[55]	200-220 g	NA	NA	60 mL DMEM/F12 (1:1) containing 20% FBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution (penicillin 10000 IU/mL, streptomycin 10000 μg/mL), 20 mL of fresh blood, 5 IU/mL of heparin, 2 IU/L of insulin, and 2.5 μg/mL of dexamethasone
Westerkamp et al[76]	270-300 g	NA	100 mL	25 mL human red blood cell concentrate, 53.9 mL WEM solution, 20 mL human albumin (200 g/L), 1 mL insulin (100 IU/mL), and 0.1 mL unfractionated heparin (5000 IU/mL)
De Vries et al[86]	200-250 g	NA	500 mL	WEM supplemented with sodium bicarbonate (2.2 g/L), dexamethasone (24 mg/L), insulin (5 IU/L), heparin (2000 IU/L), and bovine serum albumin (10 mg/mL)
Liu et al[85]	NA	NA	70 mL	HMP: UW solution with 250 IU heparin, 20000 IU penicillin and 2 mg hydrocortisone. Addition of CIRP competitive inhibitor (C23, 300 ng/mL). NMP: 20 mL rat blood, 50 mL WEM, 250 IU heparin, 20000 IU penicillin, 2 mg hydrocortisone, 0.4 IU insulin, and 0.0292 g glutamine
Lin et al[56]	180 ± 20 g	NA	50 mL	HTK solution with or without various defatting agents (10 mmol/L forskolin; 1 mmol/L GW7647; 10 mmol/L hypericin; 10 mmol/L scoparone; 0.4 ng/mL visfatin; 1 mmol/L GW501516)
Rigo et al[57]	200-250 g	10.35 g (0.41) mean (SEM)	70 mL	NMP: 20 mL of fresh rat blood, 50 mL of complete phenol red-free WEM, supplemented with 11.6 mmol/L glucose, 50 IU/mL penicillin, 50 μg/mL streptomycin, 5 mmol/L L-glutamine, 1 IU/mL insulin, 1 IU/mL heparin, and 2 mEq of sodium bicarbonate
Xu et al[97]	Approximately 500 g	Approximately 15 g	60-110 mL	Whole blood-based perfusate with different defatting components
Carlson et al[58]	331 ± 16 g (mean ± SEM)	NA	95 mL	WEM, 3250 IU each penicillin/streptomycin, 0.65 mmol/L sodium pyruvate, 1.30 mmol/L L-glutamine, 1% human albumin, 500 IU heparin, 15 mg papaverine, 1 mg insulin, 1.25 mg hydrocortisone, and 30 mL of leukoreduced, packed RBCs
Zhou et al[81]	250-300 g	NA	NA	NA
Cao et al[59]	200-220 g	NA	80 mL	DMEM/F12, 20 mL rat blood, 100 IU/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 5 IU/mL heparin
De Stefano et al[60]	200-250 g	Control group: 17.10 (1.93). WI group: 15.17 (0.83)	150 mL	100 mL of phenol red-free WEM, supplemented with 100 IU/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin, 0.292 g/L L-glutamine, 1 IU/mL insulin, 1 IU/mL heparin, and 50 mL of recently expired (max 5 days) human red blood cell
Sun et al[61]	200-220 g	NA	2 mL	Normal saline or single cell suspension containing 1× 107-3 × 107 BMMSCs
Jennings et al[62]	320 ± 11 g (mean ± SEM)	NA	130 mL or 146 mL	WEM (65 mL for pRBC oxygen carriers and 50 mL for oxyglobin) with 3250 U each penicillin/streptomycin, 500 U heparin, 1 mg insulin, 1.25 mg hydrocortisone, and 15 mg papaverine. In addition, sodium pyruvate 0.65 mmol/L, L-glutamine 130 mmol/L, and human albumin 1%. The oxygen carriers added to the perfusate were human pRBC (30 mL), rat pRBC (30 mL), or oxyglobin (46 mL)
Wang et al[72]	NA	NA	HOPE: 50 mL; NMP: 30 mL	HOPE: HTK solution. NMP: 7.5 mL blood, 22.5 mL KHB solution containing 2% FBS, 60 mg glucose, 1 IU insulin, and 150 IU heparin
Asong-Fontem et al[73]	NA	NA	NA	HOPE: IGL-2 or PERF-GEN (Belzer MPS) solutions. NMP: Williams medium E supplemented with insulin 2 U/L, penicillin (40000 U/L)/streptomycin (40000 μg/L), L-glutamine, hydrocortisone 10 mg/L and heparin (1000 U/L)
Shi et al[77]	320-350 g	NA	36 mL	24 mL whole heparinized blood supplemented with 10% sodium citrate, 1% penicillin and streptomycin, and 12 mL circuit priming solution with 45% lactated ringer, 5% sodium bicarbonate and 50% hydroxyethyl starch
Von Horn et al[63]	250-300 g	NA	150 mL	HMP: Aqix RS-I solution. NMP: WEM supplemented with 3 mg/100 mL of bovine serum albumin
Zhou et al[82]	250-300 g	NA	NA	NA
Luo et al[83]	250-300 g	NA	HMP: 150 mL; NMP: 180 mL	HMP: HTK solution. NMP: DMEM/F12, 20% FBS, 1% penicillin streptomycin solution (penicillin 10000 IU/mL, streptomycin 10000 mg/mL), 5 IU/mL of heparin, 2 IU/L of insulin, and 2.5 mg/mL of dexamethasone. Full rat blood (30-45 mL) was reconstituted up to a total volume of 180 mL perfusate
Ohara et al[64]	250-350 g	NA	100 mL	Rat whole blood
Chen et al[65]	34 ± 4 g (mean ± SEM)	Approximately 1 g	300 mL	WEM was supplemented with 20% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, 5000 IU/L heparin, 50 IU/L insulin, and 0.010 g/L hydrocortisone
Fukai et al[74]	NA	NA	300 mL	HMP: UW-MPS solution. NMP: KHB solution
Hughes et al[84]	250-300 g	14 ± 0.2 g	150 mL	Phenol red-free WEM with addition of 25% bovine albumin, rat RBCs, 2 IU/L insulin, 40000 IU/L penicillin, 40000 μg/L streptomycin, 0.292 g/L L-glutamine, 10 mg/L hydrocortisone, 1000 IU/L heparin, and bicarbonate 75%
Bai et al[98]	360-380 g	NA	36 mL	24 mL whole heparinized blood supplemented with 10% sodium citrate, 1% penicillin, and streptomycin and 12 mL circuit priming solution with 45% lactated ringer, 5% sodium bicarbonate, and 50% hydroxyethyl starch
Von Horn et al[66]	250-300 g	NA	NA	Rewarming MP: Diluted Steen solution or Belzer MPS. NMP: WEM supplemented with 3 mg/100 mL of bovine serum albumin
Li et al[87]	250-350 g	NA	100 mL	90 mL WEM with 10 mL rat blood cells supplemented with 10 mg/L hydrocortisone, 5 IU/mL heparin, 1 IU/mL insulin, 5 mmol/L L-glutamine, 40 IU/mL penicillin, 40 μg/mL streptomycin, and with/without 10 mmol/L epigallocatechin gallate

MP: Machine perfusion; HMP: Hypothermic machine perfusion; NMP: Normothermic machine perfusion; NA: Not written or not applicable in the main article; SNMP: Subnormothermic machine perfusion; DCD: Donated after circulatory death; WI: Warm ischemia; HOPE: Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion; UW: University of Wisconsin; UW-G: University of Wisconsin-gluconate; HES: Hydroxyethyl starch; KHB: Krebs Henseleit bicarbonate; HTK: Histidine Tryptophan Ketoglutarate; Belzer MPS: Belzer machine perfusion solution; KH: Krebs Henseleit; KH₂PO₄: Potassium dihydrogen phosphate; MgCl: Magnesium chloride; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; WEM: William’s E Medium; CaCl₂: Calcium chloride; MgSO₄: Magnesium sulfate; KPS: Kidney perfusion solution; 3-OMG: 3-O-methyl-D-glucose; NaCl: Sodium chloride; KCl: Potassium chloride; NaHCO₃: Sodium bicarbonate; HEPES: 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid; Ang IV: Angiotensin IV; KBB: Krebs bicarbonate buffer; DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; IGL: Institute George Lopez; siRNA: Small interfering RNA; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; RBCs: Red blood cells; CIRP: Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein; BMMSC: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; pRBC: Packed red blood cell.

Table 5 Parameters used in small animal liver ex vivo machine perfusion studies

Ref.	HMP			SNMP			NMP
	Temperature	Flow	Pressure	Temperature	Flow	Pressure	Temperature	Flow	Pressure
Kim et al[14]	4 °C	0.5 mL/minute/g liver	11.2 ± 0.4 mmHg
Dutkowski et al[15]	3-6 °C	0.43-0.44 mL/minute/g liver	4.48-0.47 mmHg
Compagnon et al[67]	4 °C	0.1-0.4 mL/minute/g liver	PV, VC: ≤ 1 mmHg; HA: ≤ 11 mmHg				37 °C	3 mL/minute/g wet liver	NA
Lauschke et al[16]	4 °C	0.5 mL/minute/g	NA				37 °C	3 mL/g/minute	NA
Lee et al[90]	4-5 °C	0.4 mL/minute/g liver	< 3 mmHg
Tan et al[91]	6-8 °C	0.1 mL/minute/g	NA
Xu et al[92]	4 °C	0.4 mL/minute/g liver	NA				37 °C	NA	NA
Bessems et al[17]	4 °C	< 1 mL/minute/g liver	< 20 cmH2O				37.1 °C ± 0.4 °C	< 3 mL/minute/g liver	< 20 cmH2O
Dutkowski et al[18]	3-5 °C	2.75-3.25 mL/minute	4.4 ± 0.5 mmHg				37 °C	15 mL/minute	NA
Tolboom et al[19]							37.5 °C	1.8 mL/ minute/g ± 0.12 mL/ minute/g wet liver	12-15 cmH2O
Vairetti et al[20]	4 °C, 10 °C	NA	NA	20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C	NA	NA	37 °C	Initial: 1 mL/minute/g, increased to 4 mL/minute/g	NA
Manekeller et al[21]	4 °C	NA	NA				37 °C	3 mL/g/minute	NA
Stegemann et al[22]	4 °C	0.5 mL/minute/g	NA				37 °C	3 mL/g/minute	NA
Ferrigno et al[23]	4 °C or 8 °C	4 mL/minute/g	7.4 ± 0.6 mmHg (lean, 4 °C), 8.7 ± 2.1 mmHg (fat, 4 °C), 6.9 ± 0.8 mmHg (lean, 8 °C), 7.1 ± 0.9 mmHg (fat, 8 °C)	20 °C	4 mL/minute/g	7.3 ± 0.8 mmHg (lean) 7.5 ± 1.6 mmHg (fat)	37 °C	4 mL/minute/g	NA
Lüer et al[24]	4 °C	0.5 mL/minute/g	NA				37 °C	3 mL/g/minute	NA
Olschewski et al[25]	4 °C or 12 °C	1 mL/minute/g liver	NA	21 °C	1 mL/minute/g liver	NA	37 °C	3 mL/minute/g liver	NA
Minor et al[26]	4 °C	0.5 mL/minute/g	NA				37 °C	3 mL/g/minute	NA
Tolboom et al[27]				20 °C or 30 °C or 37 °C	2 mL/minute/g	10-14 cmH2O	37 °C	2 mL/minute/g	10-14 cmH2O
Giannone et al[28]	4 °C	1 mL/minute/g liver	NA
Perk et al[29]							37 °C	Pressure dependent	10-12 cmH2O
Schlegel et al[30]	4 °C	Pressure dependent	≤ 3 mmHg
Bruinsma et al[88]				Room temperature	NA	NA
Liu et al[31]				20 °C	1 mL/minute/g	NA
Carnevale et al[93]	5.0 °C ± 0.5 °C	0.23 mL/minute/g liver	40 mmH2O (25% of the NMP PV pressure)				37 °C	NA	NA
Schlegel et al[32]	4 °C	Pressure dependent	≤ 3 mmHg
Schlegel et al[33]	4 °C	PV: 1-2 mL/minte	PV: 3 mmHg				37 °C	HA: 6 mL/minute; PV: 15 mL/minute	PV: 8 mmHg
Bae et al[34]	4 °C	3.5 mL/minute/g of liver	NA				37 °C	NA	NA
Niu et al[68]							37 °C	20 mL/minute	NA
Tarantola et al[35]				20 °C	4 mL/minute/g	NA	37 °C	4 mL/minute/g	NA
Bruinsma et al[36]				21°C	8-12 mL/minute	10-15 cmH2O
Ferrigno et al[37]	10 °C	2.6 mL/minute/g	5.8 ± 0.2 mmHg	20 °C or 30 °C	2.6 mL/minute/g	4.9 ± 0.1 mmHg, 4.9 mmHg ± 0.2 mmHg	37 °C	2.6 mL/minute/g	4.2 ± 0.1 mmHg
Jia et al[38]	4 °C	1.4 mL/minute	NA
Westerkamp et al[94]	8 °C	Pressure dependent	PV: 3 mmHg; HA: 25 mmHg	20 °C	Pressure dependent	PV: 4 mmHg; HA: 40 mmHg	37 °C	Pressure dependent	PV: 11 mmHg. HA: 110 mmHg
Carbonell et al[95]				22 °C or 26 °C	3 mL/minute/g	NA	37 °C	3 mL/minute/g	NA
Op den Dries et al[75]							37 °C	PV: 22.6 ± 0.8 mL/minute; HA: 5.3 ± 0.4 mL/minute	PV: < 11 mmHg. HA: < 110 mmHg
Okamura et al[39]				20-24 °C	PV: 1 mL/g-liver/minute; HA: 0.1 mL/g-liver/minute	NA	37 °C	PV: 3 mL/g-liver/minute	NA
Berardo et al[40]				20 °C	NA	Starting: 6-7 mmHg	37 °C	NA	Starting: 6-7 mmHg
Chai et al[89]	4 °C	4 mL/minute	NA
Zeng et al[41]	0-4 °C	0.5 mL/g/minute	NA				36-37 °C	Pressure dependent	10.3 mmHg
Beal et al[42]							37 °C	1-2 mL/minute	10-16 cmH2O
Tabka et al[69]				20 °C	0.5 mL/g/minute	NA	37 °C	NA	NA
Xue et al[43]	0-4 °C	0.23 mL/minute/g	NA				36-37 °C	3 mL/minute/g	NA
He et al[78]	4 °C	1.4 mL/minute	NA
Gassner et al[70]							37 °C	1 mL/minute/g liver weight	4-9 mmHg
Zeng et al[79]	Approximately 4 °C	0.2 mL/minute/g	< 2 mmHg				36.5 °C ± 0.5 °C	2.5 mL/minute/g	NA
Jia et al[80]	4 °C	1.4 mL/minute	4.61 mmHg (mean)
Oldani et al[44]	4 °C	Pressure dependent	4 mmHg				37 °C	Pressure dependent	8 mmHg
Chin et al[45]							37 °C	Initial: 5 mL/minute, then pressure dependent	5 mmHg
Gillooly et al[46]	4-7 °C	Pressure dependent	10 mmHg				37 °C	Pressure dependent	10 mmHg
Martins et al[47]							32 °C or 37 °C	NA	NA
Scheuermann et al[48]				25 ± 0.1 °C or 30 °C	1.80 mL/minute/g liver	NA	37 °C	1.80 mL/minute/g liver. Reperfusion: 2.84 ± 0.04 mL/minute/g liver	NA
Claussen et al[71]							37 °C	PV: 1 mL/minute/g liver. HA: 0.1 mL/minute/g liver	PV: 5.65-9 mmHg. HA: 48.8-110 mmHg
Haque et al[49]							37 °C	25-30 mL/minute	< 12 mmHg
Schlegel et al[50]	10 °C	1-2 mL/minute	≤ 3 mmHg				37 °C	15-18 mL/minute	12 mmHg
Nösser et al[51]				21 °C	1 mL/g wet liver/minute	5.0 mmHg	37 °C	1 mL/g wet liver/minute	5.0 mmHg
Yamada et al[96]				20-25 °C	NA	NA	37 °C	NA	NA
Hu et al[52]	0-4 °C	0.5 mL/g/minute	NA				36.5 °C ± 0.5 °C	NA	10.3 mmHg
Von Horn and Minor[53]							35-42 °C	NA	Initial: 3 mmHg. Later: 5 mmHg
Raigani et al[54]							37 °C	NA	10-12 mmHg
Yang et al[55]							35-38 °C	2 mL/g wet liver/minute	10-12 mmH2O
Westerkamp et al[76]							37 °C	NA	PV: 11 mmHg. HA: 110 mmHg
De Vries et al[86]				21 ± 1 °C	≤ 25 mL/minute	5 mmHg
Liu et al[85]	4 °C	PV: 8 mL/minute	NA				37 °C	PV: 8 mL/minute; HA: 4 mL/minute	NA
Lin et al[56]	4 °C	< 0.15 mL/minute/g	< 3 mmHg
Rigo et al[57]							37 °C	1.1-1.3 mL/minute/g	8-10 mmHg
Xu et al[97]							37 °C	NA	NA
Carlson et al[58]							37 °C	1.8 mL/minute/g	NA
Zhou et al[81]	NA	NA	NA				NA	NA	NA
Cao et al[59]							36-38 °C	1.5 mL/minute/g wet liver	10-14 cmH2O
De Stefano et al[60]							37 °C	NA	12-16 mmHg
Sun et al[61]							NA	NA	NA
Jennings et al[62]							37 °C	1.8 mL/minute/g	NA
Wang et al[72]	4 °C	NA	NA				36.5 ± 0.5 °C	NA	NA
Asong-Fontem et al[73]	5 °C ± 3 °C	NA	NA				37 °C	NA	NA
Shi et al[77]							38 °C	PV: 5-15 mL/minute. PV and HA flow ratio 3:1	PV: 8-10 mmHg. HA: 90-100 mmHg
Von Horn et al[63]	8 °C	NA	5 mmHg				37 °C	3 mL/g minute	NA
Zhou et al[82]	NA	NA	NA				NA	NA	NA
Luo et al[83]	4 °C	1.2 mL/minute	NA				35-37 °C	2 mL/g/minute	NA
Ohara et al[64]							37 °C	PV: 1 mL/minute/g liver. HA: 0.25 mL/minute/g liver	NA
Chen et al[65]							37 °C	1 mL/minute	7-10 mmHg
Fukai et al[74]	7-10 °C	0.5 mL/minute/g liver	4-6 cmH2O				37 °C	NA	8-12 cmH2O
Hughes et al[84]							36-37.5 °C	PV: 1.2 mL/g-liver/minute; HA: 0.2 mL/g-liver/minute	NA
Bai et al[98]							NA	NA	NA
Von Horn et al[66]				Risen from 8 to 35 °C	5.5 ± 1.4 mL/g/minute or 5.2 ± 1.1 mL/g/minute	Risen from 3 mmHg to 6 mmHg	37 °C	3 mL/g/minute	NA
Li et al[87]							37 °C	Pressure dependent	< 4 mmHg

HMP: Hypothermic machine perfusion; NMP: Normothermic machine perfusion; NA: Not written or not applicable in the main article; SNMP: Subnormothermic machine perfusion; PV: Portal vein; VC: Vena cava; HA: Hepatic artery.