Gallbladder carcinoma in Brazil: Clinicopathological profile and survival outcomes from a high-volume cancer center

Table 1 Characteristics of gallbladder cancer patients according to the groups - incidental gallbladder cancer and non-incidental gallbladder cancer, n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 364)	IGBC (n = 197)	Non-IGBC (n = 167)	P value
Sex				0.627
Female	287 (78.8)	157 (79.7)	130 (77.8)
Male	77 (21.2)	40 (20.3)	37 (22.2)
Age (years), mean ± SD	62.1 ± 12.0	61.6 ± 12.2	62.8 ± 11.8	0.344
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD	25.8 ± 5.7	26.3 ± 5.8	25.3 ± 5.5	0.085
Δt diagnoses to therapeutic approach (months)				< 0.001
mean ± SD	4.0 ± 7.7	5.4 ± 10.1	2.4 ± 2.1
Median (IQR)	2.5 (1.5-4.1)	3.2 (2.0-5.1)	1.7 (1.1-2.8)
CEA, median (IQR)	4.2 (2.2-19.5)	3.4 (1.9-10.9)	5.7 (2.8-22.2)	0.047
CA 19-9, median (IQR)	499 (97-8347)	171 (60-1186)	2897 (230-20465)	< 0.001
ECOG performance status scale				< 0.001
ECOG 0/1/2	227 (63.1)	141 (71.9)	86 (52.4)
ECOG 3/4	133 (36.9)	55 (28.1)	78 (47.6)
Final approach				< 0.001
T1a (follow-up)	7 (1.9)	7 (3.6)	0 (0)
Curative surgery	49 (13.5)	32 (16.2)	17 (10.2)
Observation	29 (8.0)	29 (14.7)	0 (0)
Palliative	279 (76.6)	129 (65.5)	150 (89.8)
T				< 0.001
T1a	9 (2.5)	7 (3.6)	2 (1.2)
T1b	21 (5.8)	19 (9.6)	2 (1.2)
T2	80 (22.0)	72 (36.5)	7 (4.8)
T3	142 (39.0)	82 (41.6)	60 (35.9)
T4	112 (30.8)	17 (8.6)	95 (56.9)
N				< 0.001
N0	108 (29.7)	78 (39.6)	30 (18.0)
N+	256 (70.3)	119 (60.4)	137 (82.0)
M				< 0.001
M0	107 (29.4)	74 (37.6)	33 (19.8)
M1	257 (70.6)	123 (62.4)	134 (80.2)
TNM				< 0.001
I	22 (6.0)	19 (9.6)	3 (1.8)
II	29 (8.0)	24 (12.2)	5 (3.0)
III	30 (8.2)	21 (10.7)	9 (5.4)
IV	283 (77.7)	133 (67.5)	150 (89.8)
Mortality following diagnosis
30-day mortality	6 (1.6)	1 (0.5)	5 (3.0)	0.098
90-day mortality	48 (13.2)	13 (6.6)	35 (21.0)	< 0.001

IGBC: Incidental gallbladder cancer; IQR: Interquartile range; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA 19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2 Univariable and multivariable analysis for overall survival - all gallbladder cancer patients

Overall survival, variables	Univariable			Multivariable
	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Male (vs female)	1.50	0.87-1.53	0.300	-	-	-
Age > 65 (vs < 65 years)	0.91	0.71-1.17	0.453	-	-	-
ECOG > 2 (vs 0-1)	2.78	2.18-3.56	< 0.001	1.91	1.48-2.48	< 0.000
Stage T1 (Ref)
vs T2	3.83	1.74-8.44	0.001	2.80	1.25-6.28	0.013
vs T3	8.76	4.07-18.87	< 0.001	4.38	1.94-9.89	< 0.000
vs T4	13.63	6.27-29.66	< 0.001	5.24	2.25-12.16	< 0.000
N+ (vs N0)	3.02	2.24-4.08	< 0.001	0.99	0.69-1.43	0.969
M1 (vs M0)	5.01	3.62-6.95	< 0.001	2.76	1.88-4.05	< 0.000
Non-IGBC (vs IGBC)	2.24	1.76-2.85	< 0.001	1.35	1.01-1.80	0.041

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; IGBC: Incidental gallbladder cancer.

Table 3 Clinical, surgical and pathological characteristics of gallbladder cancer patients submitted to curative intent surgery, n (%)/mean ± SD

Variables	n = 49 (%)
Sex
Female	40 (81.6)
Male	9 (18.4)
Age (years)	62.9 ± 12.2
Body mass index (kg/m2)	26.3 ± 5.5
Type of case
Non-IGBC	32 (63.5)
IGBC	17 (34.7)
Epiplon
Negative	47 (95.9)
Positive	2 (4.1)
pT
pT1a	2 (4.1)
pT1b	8 (16.3)
pT2	20 (40.8)
pT3	18 (36.7)
pT4	1 (2.0)
pN
pN0	30 (61.2)
pN+	19 (38.8)
pM
pM0	45 (91.8)
pM1	4 (8.2)
pTNM
I	7 (14.3)
II	14 (28.6)
III	22 (44.9)
IV	6 (12.2)

IGBC: Incidental gallbladder cancer; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.