Sleep quality, treatment burden, and quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A cross-sectional study

Table 1 Demographic, clinical characteristics and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire scores of participants (n = 158)

Variables	n (%)	mean ± SD	F/t	P value
Disease type			t = -0.814	0.417
UC	141 (89.2)	174.74 ± 33.59
CD	17 (10.8)	181.65 ± 27.94
Gender			t = -0.448	0.655
Male	93 (58.9)	174.49 ± 33.81
Female	65 (41.1)	176.89 ± 32.06
Age (years)			F = 0.294	0.746
< 40	57 (36.1)	173.02 ± 37.48
41-60	64 (40.5)	176.09 ± 28.82
> 60	37 (23.4)	178.22 ± 33.13
Education			F = 0.527	0.591
Junior high or below	40 (25.3)	178.35 ± 24.86
High school or technical secondary school	45 (28.5)	177.64 ± 35.90
College or above	73 (46.2)	172.58 ± 35.20
Marital status			F = 0.208	0.812
Married	129 (81.6)	174.72 ± 31.73
Unmarried	25 (15.8)	178.32 ± 40.38
Divorced	4 (2.5)	182.25 ± 30.19
Employment status			F = 0.655	0.581
Employed	108 (68.4)	177.43 ± 30.78
Unemployed	7 (4.4)	172.86 ± 20.64
Retired	35 (22.2)	173.14 ± 33.57
Student	8 (5.1)	161.75 ± 61.84
Household monthly income (RMB)			F = 0.581	0.561
< 3000	50 (31.6)	171.92 ± 36.95
3000-5000	57 (36.1)	175.44 ± 30.82
> 5000	51 (32.3)	179.02 ± 31.57
Personal monthly income (RMB)			F = 0.054	0.947
< 3000	28 (17.7)	174 ± 35.75
3000-5000	39 (24.7)	174.9 ± 29.97
> 5000	91 (57.6)	176.19 ± 33.73
Medical payment			F = 0.966	0.428
Self-paying	9 (5.7)	186.00 ± 35.03
Rural cooperative medical	26 (16.5)	178.58 ± 28.58
Urban resident medical insurance	29 (18.4)	169.28 ± 41.43
Urban employee medical insurance	91 (57.6)	174.73 ± 31.37
Other	3 (1.9)	200.00 ± 7.94
Family history of IBD			t = -0.427	0.670
Yes	4 (2.5)	168.50 ± 45.17
No	154 (97.5)	175.66 ± 32.83
Surgery history			t = -1.360	0.176
Yes	11 (7.0)	162.45 ± 29.18
No	147 (93.0)	176.46 ± 33.17
Hospitalizations past 1 year			F = 5.654	0.004
0	82 (51.9)	183.26 ± 27.40
1	47 (29.7)	170.38 ± 36.82
≥ 2	29 (18.4)	161.76 ± 36.05

t: Independent t-test; F: One-way ANOVA; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease.

Table 2 Levels of study variables

Variables	mean ± SD
QoL	175.48 ± 33.02
Bowel symptoms	57.70 ± 10.71
Systemic symptoms	25.15 ± 5.54
Emotional function	64.90 ± 12.18
Social function	27.73 ± 7.41
Sleep	7.15 ± 4.22
Subjective sleep quality	1.15 ± 0.82
Sleep latency	1.34 ± 0.98
Sleep duration	1.11 ± 0.91
Habitual sleep efficiency	0.77 ± 1.05
Sleep disturbances	1.29 ± 0.58
Use of sleeping medication	0.43 ± 0.95
Daytime dysfunction	1.06 ± 1.00
Treatment burden	39.81 ± 30.54
Medication burden	8.05 ± 8.26
Medical visits and follow-up	13.79 ± 11.53
Medical-related behaviors and lifestyle	15.49 ± 11.42
Health problems	2.47 ± 2.56

QoL: Quality of life.

Table 3 Spearman correlations among key variables

Variables	QoL	Sleep	Treatment burden
QoL	1
Sleep	-0.415b	1
Treatment burden	-0.430b	0.188a	1

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

QoL: Quality of life.

Table 4 Multiple linear regression predicting Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire total score

Predictors	B (95%CI)	β	t	P value	Tolerance	Variance inflation factor
Constant	207.472 (197.392, 217.551)		40.663	< 0.001
Sleep	-2.239 (-3.358 to -1.120)	-0.286	-3.953	< 0.001	0.927	1.079
Treatment burden	-0.310 (-0.462 to -0.158)	-0.287	-4.027	< 0.001	0.956	1.046
Hospitalizations past year	-4.449 (-8.330 to -0.568)	-0.162	-2.264	0.025	0.944	1.059

R² = 0.254, adjusted R² = 0.239, F = 17.436, P < 0.001.

CI: Confidence interval.