Curcumin nanoparticles mitigate early inflammation in severe acute pancreatitis by modulating peritoneal macrophage polarization via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation

Table 1 Histopathological scoring criteria for pancreatic tissue in severe acute pancreatitis model

Scoring parameter	0	1	2	3
Edema	Absent	Focal widening of interlobular spaces or mild diffuse widening	Moderate diffuse widening of interlobular spaces	Severe diffuse widening of interlobular spaces with acinar separation
Inflammatory cell infiltration	Absent	Minor, focal infiltration (predominantly neutrophils)	Moderate, multifocal infiltration	Marked, diffuse infiltration (may include perivascular cuffing)
Acinar cell necrosis	Absent	Focal necrosis (< 5% of acinar cells involved)	Multifocal/patchy necrosis (5%-20% of acinar cells involved)	Widespread/confluent necrosis (> 20% of acinar cells involved)
Hemorrhage	Absent	1-2 focal hemorrhagic foci	3-5 focal hemorrhagic foci	Extensive, diffuse hemorrhage

Table 2 Primer sequences for reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis

Primer name	Positive sequence (5′→3′)	Reverse sequence (5′→3′)
iNOS	CTTGGAGCGAGTTGTGGATTG	CCTCTTGTCTTTGACCCAGTAGC
CD163	ATGGCACAGGTCATTCAACCC	TCTGTCGTCGCTTCAGAGTCC
Nrf2	TTAAGCAGCATACAGCAGGACAT	GGACAGTGGTAGTCTCAGCCT
HO-1	GTGACAGAAGAGGCTAAGAC	GTAGTATCTTGAACCAGGCTAG
GAPDH	GGCACAGTCAAGGCTGAGAATG	ATGGTGGTGAAGACGCCAGTA

CD163: Cluster of differentiation 163; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1; Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.