Assessment of the value of complication risk prediction models following interventional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in nursing decision-making

Table 1 Distribution of postoperative complications in hepatocellular carcinoma patients following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (n = 104)

Complication types	n	Percentage (%)
Nausea and vomiting	42	40.38
Upper abdominal pain	12	11.54
Fever	29	27.88
Liver abscess	6	5.77
Intra-abdominal hemorrhage	3	2.88
Tachycardia	3	2.88
Intra-abdominal infection	9	8.65

Table 2 Comparison of clinical characteristics between the two groups of patients, n (%)/mean ± SD

Items	Complication group (n = 104)	Control group (n = 282)	t/χ2	P value
Gender			0.166	0.684
Male	54 (51.92)	153 (54.26)
Female	50 (48.08)	129 (45.74)
Age (years)			16.100	< 0.001
≥ 60	74 (71.15)	136 (48.23)
< 60	30 (28.85)	146 (51.77)
Body mass index (kg/m2)			2.436	0.119
≥ 23.9	71 (68.27)	168 (59.57)
< 23.9	33 (31.73)	114 (40.43)
Hypertension			1.314	0.252
Yes	23 (22.12)	48 (17.02)
No	81 (77.88)	234 (82.98)
Diabetes			0.033	0.855
Yes	42 (40.38)	111 (39.36)
No	62 (59.62)	171 (60.64)
Hyperlipidemia			1.097	0.295
Yes	25 (24.04)	83 (29.43)
No	79 (75.96)	199 (70.57)
Liver cirrhosis			37.083	< 0.001
Yes	78 (75.00)	113 (40.07)
No	26 (25.00)	169 (59.93)
Smoking history			0.548	0.459
Yes	40 (38.46)	97 (34.40)
No	64 (61.54)	185 (65.60)
Alcohol consumption history			0.352	0.553
Yes	35 (33.65)	86 (30.50)
No	69 (66.35)	196 (69.50)
Tumor diameter (cm)			24.961	< 0.001
≥ 5	66 (63.46)	99 (35.11)
< 5	38 (36.54)	183 (64.89)
Number of tumors			0.275	0.600
Single discharge	43 (41.35)	125 (44.33)
Multiple discharges	61 (58.65)	157 (55.67)
Vascular invasion			35.225	< 0.001
Yes	80 (76.92)	121 (42.91)
No	24 (23.08)	161 (57.09)
Operative duration (hours)			14.712	< 0.001
≥ 2	57 (54.81)	94 (33.33)
< 2	47 (45.19)	188 (66.67)
Lymph node metastasis			1.975	0.160
Yes	59 (56.73)	182 (64.54)
No	45 (43.27)	100 (35.46)
Child-Pugh grade			15.524	< 0.001
Grade A	57 (54.81)	213 (75.53)
Grade B	47 (45.19)	69 (24.47)
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization procedures (times)			14.243	< 0.001
> 2	85 (81.73)	173 (61.35)
≤ 2	19 (18.27)	109 (38.65)
Preoperative Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 Score			6.919	0.009
≥ 3	68 (65.38)	142 (50.35)
< 3	36 (34.62)	140 (49.65)
Postoperative Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale Score	87.32 ± 12.15	102.46 ± 10.83	11.784	< 0.001
Postoperative Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients - General Module Score	52.17 ± 8.26	68.43 ± 7.95	17.641	< 0.001
Self-Rating Anxiety Scale Score			11.026	0.001
≥ 50	49 (47.12)	82 (29.08)
< 50	55 (52.88)	200 (70.92)
Self-Rating Depression Scale Score			10.486	0.001
≥ 53	51 (49.04)	88 (31.21)
< 53	53 (50.96)	194 (68.79)
Zarit Burden Interview Score	45.63 ± 9.27	32.15 ± 8.46	13.530	< 0.001
Early postoperative ambulation (%)			25.165	< 0.001
≥ 80	28 (26.92)	157 (55.67)
< 80	76 (73.08)	125 (44.33)
Functional exercise completion rate (%)			24.741	< 0.001
≥ 80	22 (21.15)	139 (49.29)
< 80	82 (78.85)	143 (50.71)

Table 3 Variable assignment table

Related factors	Variable names	Variable assignment
Age	X1	≥ 60 years = 1, < 60 years = 0
Liver cirrhosis	X2	Yes = 1, no = 0
Tumor diameter	X3	≥ 5 cm = 1, < 5 cm = 0
Vascular invasion	X4	Yes = 1, no = 0
Operative duration	X5	≥ 2 hours = 1, < 2 hours =0
Child-Pugh grade	X6	Grade B = 1, grade A = 0
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization Procedures	X7	> 2 times = 1, ≤ 2 times = 0
Preoperative Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 Score	X8	≥ 3 scores = 1, < 3 scores = 0
Postoperative Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale Score	X9	Actual value
Postoperative Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients-General Module Score	X10	Actual value
Self-Rating Anxiety Scale Score	X11	≥ 50 scores = 1, < 50 scores = 0
Self-Rating Depression Scale Score	X12	≥ 53 scores = 1, < 53 scores = 0
Zarit Burden Interview Score	X13	Actual value
Early postoperative ambulation compliance	X14	< 80% = 1, ≥ 80% = 0
Functional exercise completion rate	X15	< 80% = 1, ≥ 80% = 0

Table 4 Results of logistic regression analysis for factors influencing the risk of complications following interventional treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma

Variable names	Β	SE	χ2	P value	Odds ratio (95%CI)
Constant	-2.867	0.218	-	-	-
Age	0.325	0.134	5.882	0.015	1.384 (1.064-1.800)
Liver cirrhosis	0.481	0.211	5.197	0.023	1.618 (1.070-2.446)
Tumor diameter	0.296	0.108	7.512	0.006	1.344 (1.088-1.661)
Vascular invasion	1.114	0.369	9.114	0.003	3.047 (1.478-6.279)
Operative duration	0.563	0.271	4.316	0.038	1.756 (1.032-2.987)
Child-Pugh grade	0.601	0.254	5.599	0.018	1.824 (1.109-3.001)
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization Procedures	0.742	0.302	6.037	0.014	2.100 (1.162-3.796)
Preoperative Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 Score	0.309	0.114	7.347	0.007	1.362 (1.089-1.703)
Postoperative Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale Score	0.517	0.153	11.418	0.001	1.677 (1.242-2.263)
Postoperative Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients - General Module Score	0.448	0.203	4.870	0.027	1.565 (1.051-2.330)
Self-Rating Anxiety Scale Score	0.635	0.247	6.609	0.010	1.887 (1.163-3.062)
Self-Rating Depression Scale Score	0.557	0.263	4.485	0.034	1.745 (1.042-2.923)
Zarit Burden Interview Score	0.751	0.165	20.716	< 0.001	2.119 (1.534-2.928)
Early postoperative ambulation compliance	0.495	0.223	4.927	0.026	1.640 (1.060-2.540)
Functional exercise completion rate	1.011	0.113	80.047	< 0.001	2.748 (2.202-3.430)