Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GOS42 on gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy adults with occasional constipation

doi:10.3748/wjg.v32.i21.117959

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Clinical Trials Study

Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Jun 7, 2026; 32(21): 117959
Published online Jun 7, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i21.117959

Table 1 Summary of subject data at baseline, mean ± SD or n (%)

	ITT L. plantarum (n = 50)	ITT placebo (n = 50)	PP L. plantarum (n = 49)	PP placebo (n = 48)
Women	38 (76)	40 (80)	37 (76)	38 (79)
Age (year)	44.3 ± 13.3	43.8 ± 11.9	44.0 ± 13.3	43.9 ± 12.1
BMI (kg/m²)	28.4 ± 7.9	27.8 ± 6.1	28.5 ± 7.9	28.0 ± 6.1
Fiber intake (g/day)	16.4 ± 8.2	14.4 ± 6.2	16.4 ± 8.2	14.2 ± 6.2
Exercise regularly	31 (62)	31 (62)	30 (61)	29 (60)

No significant differences at baseline between intervention groups. ITT: Intention-to-treat; PP: Per-protocol; L. plantarum: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; BMI: Body mass index.

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Table 2 Gastrointestinal function at baseline, week 4 and week 8 and change over time in the per- protocol population [Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (n = 49), placebo (n = 48)], mean ± SD

	Baseline	4 weeks	8 weeks	Change baseline-week 4	Change baseline-week 8	P value, between week 8¹
Transit time (hour)
L. plantarum	39.8 ± 29.2	41.8 ± 33.7⁵	40.2 ± 27.1	1.9 ± 23.9	0.4 ± 23.0
Placebo	48.8 ± 31.9	45.3 ± 26.7⁵	45.4 ± 27.0	-3.4 ± 26.4	-3.4 ± 32.5	0.980
CSBM per week
L. plantarum	2.6 ± 2.2	4.0 ± 3.3	5.0 ± 3.0	1.4 ± 3.0^b	2.4 ± 3.2^c
Placebo	1.7 ± 1.8	3.1 ± 3.4	3.6 ± 3.1	1.4 ± 3.0^b	1.9 ± 2.7^c	0.182
Stool consistency²
L. plantarum	2.54 ± 0.73	3.11 ± 1.03	3.44 ± 1.01	0.58 ± 1.13^b	0.91 ± 1.04^c
Placebo	2.62 ± 0.98	2.97 ± 1.01	3.06 ± 1.05	0.35 ± 0.95^a	0.43 ± 1.15^a	0.023
BM without hard/lumpy stools (%)
L. plantarum	50.5 ± 33.8	67.5 ± 32.2	80.7 ± 29.7	17.0 ± 39.7^c	30.2 ± 38.8^c
Placebo	58.7 ± 34.2	65.1 ± 34.2	70.5 ± 33.3	6.4 ± 32.6^c	11.9 ± 34.8^c	0.005
Bloating frequency³
L. plantarum	2.07 ± 0.42	1.98 ± 0.56	1.84 ± 0.55	-0.10 ± 0.58	-0.23 ± 0.56^b
Placebo	2.05 ± 0.40	1.93 ± 0.52	1.90 ± 0.61	-0.12 ± 0.40^a	-0.15 ± 0.50^a	0.473
Flatulence frequency³
L. plantarum	2.01 ± 0.43	1.85 ± 0.51	1.75 ± 0.55	-0.16 ± 0.53^a	-0.26 ± 0.59^b
Placebo	2.04 ± 0.41	1.98 ± 0.60	1.98 ± 0.67	-0.06 ± 0.44	-0.06 ± 0.53	0.043
GSRS total score
L. plantarum	0.69 ± 0.28	0.58 ± 0.27	0.53 ± 0.28	-0.12 ± 0.20 ^c	-0.16 ± 0.28 ^c
Placebo	0.68 ± 0.28	0.54 ± 0.20	0.53 ± 0.24	-0.14 ± 0.28^b	-0.15 ± 0.27 ^c	0.934
GSRS constipation
L. plantarum	1.56 ± 0.49	1.19 ± 0.55	1.01 ± 0.59	-0.37 ± 0.54 ^c	-0.55 ± 0.57 ^c
Placebo	1.60 ± 0.55	1.26 ± 0.62	1.24 ± 0.64	-0.34 ± 0.78^b	-0.36 ± 0.71^b	0.073
Constipation QoL total score
L. plantarum	1.48 ± 0.65	1.11 ± 0.61	0.90 ± 0.70	-0.35 ± 0.54^c	-0.57 ± 0.70^c
Placebo	1.59 ± 0.66	1.21 ± 0.62	1.09 ± 0.61	-0.38 ± 0.56^c	-0.51 ± 0.62^c	0.314
Constipation QoL satisfaction⁴
L. plantarum	2.88 ± 0.73	2.16 ± 0.74	1.74 ± 1.04	-0.70 ± 0.84^c	-1.15 ± 1.09^c
Placebo	3.04 ± 0.67	2.52 ± 0.75	2.28 ± 1.00	-0.52 ± 0.74^c	-0.76 ± 1.16^c	0.007

^aP < 0.05 vs baseline (paired t-test).

^bP < 0.01 vs baseline (paired t-test).

^cP < 0.001 vs baseline (paired t-test).

¹Between group differences in change from baseline: Linear mixed model.

²Stool consistency: Bristol Stool Scale.

³1 less than usual to 4 much more than usual.

⁴Data related to satisfaction is presented as a reverse score and thus a lower satisfaction score represents higher satisfaction.

⁵One subject did not detect a change in stool color.

CSBM: Complete spontaneous bowel movements; BM: Bowel movement; GSRS: Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale; QoL: Quality of life; L. plantarum: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.

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Table 3 Complete spontaneous bowel movements per week in subjects with ≤ 3 complete spontaneous bowel movements per week at baseline, mean ± SD

	*ITT L. plantarum(n = 37)*	ITT placebo (n = 43)	P value, between groups	*PP L. plantarum(n = 36)*	PP placebo (n = 41)	P value, between groups
Baseline	1.6 ± 1.2	1.2 ± 1.2	0.138¹	1.6 ± 1.2	1.2 ± 1.2	0.141¹
Week 4	3.3 ± 3.0	2.5 ± 2.3	0.212¹	3.3 ± 3.0	2.3 ± 2.1	0.139¹
Week 8	4.5 ± 3.0	3.1 ± 2.5	0.028¹	4.6 ± 3.0	3.0 ± 2.5	0.015¹
Change baseline-week 4	1.7 ± 3.1^a	1.3 ± 2.1^b	0.356²	1.7 ± 3.2^a	1.2 ± 2.0^b	0.244²
Change baseline-week 8	2.9 ± 3.0^b	1.9 ± 2.4^b	0.048²	3.0 ± 3.0^b	1.8 ± 2.4^b	0.024²

^aP < 0.01 vs baseline (paired t-test).

^bP < 0.001 vs baseline (paired t-test).

¹t-test.

²Linear mixed model analysis.

ITT: Intention-to-treat; PP: Per-protocol; L. plantarum: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.

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Citation: Önning G, Vegge CS, Montelius C, Lewis ED, Al-Wahsh H, Moulin M, Crowley DC, Guthrie N. Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GOS42 on gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy adults with occasional constipation. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(21): 117959
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v32/i21/117959.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v32.i21.117959

Önning G, Vegge CS, Montelius C, Lewis ED, Al-Wahsh H, Moulin M, Crowley DC, Guthrie N. Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 299v and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GOS42 on gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy adults with occasional constipation. World J Gastroenterol 2026; 32(21): 117959 [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v32.i21.117959]

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