Optimizing branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms surveillance: Data-driven dimensional grouping for risk stratification and cost-effectiveness

Table 1 General characteristics of the study population, n (%)

Clinical value	n = 333
Sex (female)	190 (57.1)
Age at diagnosis, median (IQR)	67 (58-75)
Total follow-up time, median (IQR)	4 (2-6)
Initial diameter, cm, median (IQR)	1.2 (0.8-1.9)
Final diameter, cm, median (IQR)	1.4 (0.9-2.2)
IPMN size
≤ 1 cm	146 (43.8)
> 1 cm, ≤ 2 cm	121 (36.3)
> 2 cm, ≤ 3 cm	40 (12.0)
> 3 cm	26 (7.9)
IPMN location
Body	119 (35.7)
Head	173 (52.0)
Tail	41 (12.3)
ACCI
0-3, mild	160 (48.0)
4-10, moderate-severe	173 (52.0)
Congestive heart failure	19 (5.7)
Connective tissue disease	2 (0.6)
COPD	21 (6.3)
Dementia	2 (0.6)
Diabetes	56 (16.8)
Leukemia	2 (0.6)
Liver disease	84 (25.2)
Lymphoma	7 (2.1)
Myocardial infarction history	13 (3.9)
Severe chronic kidney disease	12 (3.6)
Solid tumor history	64 (19.2)
Stroke history	9 (2.7)

IQR: Interquartile range; IPMN: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms; ACCI: Age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Table 2 Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms characteristics during surveillance, n (%)

IPMN characteristics during FU	n = 333
Malignant degeneration	11 (3.3)
At least one WF at enrollment	64 (19.2)
At least two WFs at enrollment	15 (4.5)
At least one WF at the end of FU	139 (41.7)
At least two WFs at the end of FU	53 (15.9)
HRS during FU	8 (2.4)
Surgery histology
Adenocarcinoma	3 (30)
IPMN HGD	4 (40)
IPMN LGD	3 (30)
EUS histology
Adenocarcinoma	4 (16.0)
IPMN HGD	1 (4.0)
IPMN LGD	14 (56.0)
Not diagnostic	6 (24.0)
Death for other reason during FU	10 (3.0)

IPMN: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms; FU: Follow up; WFs: Worrisome features; HRS: High risk stigmata; EUS: Endoscopic ultrasound; HGD: High-grade dysplasia; LGD: Low-grade dysplasia.