Traction-preclosure-assisted vs conventional endoscopic full-thickness resection for gastric subepithelial tumors: Safety, efficacy in a retrospective cohort (with video)

Table 1 Comparison of basic clinical characteristics between the two groups, n (%)

Clinical characteristics	Control group (n = 129)	Experimental group (n = 85)	χ2/t/Z	P value
Age, years, median (IQR)	56.0 (12.5)	56.0 (11.0)	Z = 0.621	0.535
Sex			χ2 = 0.946	0.331
Male	43 (33.3)	23 (27.1)
Female	86 (66.7)	62 (72.9)
Weight, kg, median (IQR)	60.0 (14.0)	60.0 (13.5)	Z = 0.165	0.869
BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD	23.0 ± 2.9	23.4 ± 3.4	t = -1.096	0.274
ASA classification			χ2 = 0.183	0.669
I/II	119 (92.2)	77 (90.6)
III/IV	10 (7.8)	8 (9.4)
Comorbidities			χ2 = 1.633	0.201
Yes	28 (21.7)	25 (29.4)
No	101 (78.3)	60 (70.6)
Size of tumor, cm, median (IQR)	1.5 (1.0)	1.2 (1.0)	Z = 1.765	0.078
Site of tumor			χ2 = 6.661	0.084
Cardia	17 (13.2)	5 (5.9)
Fundus	56 (43.4)	39 (45.9)
Gastric body	44 (34.1)	38 (44.7)
Antrum	12 (9.3)	3 (3.5)
Pathological types			χ2 = 1.691	0.429
Stromal tumor	111 (86.0)	74 (87.1)
Leiomyoma	11 (8.5)	4 (4.7)
Alternative	7 (5.4)	7 (8.2)

BMI: Body mass index (height/weight²); ASA classification: American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system; IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 2 Comparison of procedural characteristics between the two groups, n (%)

Procedural characteristics	Control group (n = 129)	Experimental group (n = 85)	χ2/t/Z	P value
En bloc resection rate			χ2 = 0.000	> 0.999
Yes	127 (98.4)	84 (98.8)
No	2 (1.6)	1 (1.2)
Complete resection rate			χ2 = 4.156	0.041
Yes	112 (86.8)	81 (95.3)
No	17 (13.2)	4(4.7)
Operation time, minutes, median (IQR)	70.0 (39.5)	60.0 (40.0)	Z = 1.985	0.047
NRS pain score			χ2 = 1.735	0.188
Mild pain	83 (64.3)	62 (72.9)
Moderate pain	46 (35.7)	23 (27.1)
Adverse events			χ2 = 0.284	0.867
Grade I	7 (5.4)	4 (4.7)
Grade II	8 (6.2)	4 (4.7)
None	114 (88.4)	77 (90.6)
Hospitalization expenses, thousand yuan, median (IQR)	12.9 (11.4)	11.3 (14.0)	Z = 1.614	0.107
Postoperative time to resume defecation, hours, median (IQR)	19.0 (6.5)	19.0 (6.0)	Z = 0.534	0.593
Postoperative time to resume diet, hours, median (IQR)	56.0 (24.0)	56.0 (24.0)	Z = 0.291	0.771
Postoperative hospitalization time, days, median (IQR)	5.0 (2.0)	5.0 (2.0)	Z = 1.494	0.135

IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 3 Comparison of closure performance metrics between the two groups, n (%)

Procedural characteristics	Control group (n = 129)	Experimental group (n = 85)	χ2/t/Z	P value
Closure time, minutes, mean ± SD	14.3 ± 4.5	13.0 ± 4.5	t = 2.030	0.044
Number of clips, mean ± SD	7.2 ± 3.3	6.4 ± 2.9	t = 1.788	0.075
Procedure-ending leak test			χ2 = 2.005	0.157
Positive	3 (2.3)	0 (0.0)
Negative	126 (97.7)	85 (100.0)
Rescue closure			χ2 = 1.330	0.249
Yes	2 (1.6)	0 (0.0)
No	127 (98.4)	85 (100.0)
Pneumoperitoneum			χ2 = 6.833	0.033
Yes	18 (14.0)	4 (4.7)
No	46 (35.7)	42 (49.4)
Not examined	65 (50.4)	39 (45.9)

Table 4 Comparison of postoperative recurrence and quality of life during follow-up between the two groups, median (interquartile range)

Procedural characteristics	Control group (n = 129)	Experimental group (n = 85)	χ2/t/Z	P value
Follow-up duration, months	20.0 (20.0)	19.0 (15.0)	Z = 1.810	0.070
Recurrence rate			χ2 = 1.011	0.315
Yes	6 (4.7)	1 (1.2)
No	123 (95.3)	84 (98.8)
Preoperative EQ-VAS score	79.3 (2.0)a	79.3 (2.4)b	Z = 1.368	0.171
Postoperative EQ-VAS score	79.3 (2.0)a	79.9 (7.6)b	Z = 3.214	0.001
Preoperative health utility values, × 10-2	91.0 (13.0)c	93.0 (9.0)d	Z = 1.657	0.098
Postoperative health utility values, × 10-2	92.0 (14.0)c	95.0 (4.0)d	Z = 3.167	0.002

^aP = 0.037.

^bP = 0.002.

^cP = 0.004.

^dP < 0.001.

EQ-VAS: EuroQol visual analogue scale.