Important role of lymphovascular and perineural invasion in prognosis of colorectal cancer patients with N1c disease

Table 1 Comparison of clinicopathologic characteristics based on lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion

	LVI (no)	LVI (yes)	χ2	P value	PNI (no)	PNI (yes)	χ2	P value
PNI			4.909	0.027
No	51	8
Yes	33	15
Age (years)			3.259	0.071			0.144	0.704
≤ 50	7	5			6	6
> 50	77	18			53	42
Sex			0.150	0.699			1.081	0.299
Female	44	11			33	22
Male	40	12			26	26
cT stage			1.952	0.377			0.068	0.967
2	10	5			8	7
3	51	13			36	28
4	1	1			1	1
cN stage			0.209	0.901			9.349	0.009
0	14	5			9	10
1	33	9			19	23
2	15	5			17	3
Poorly differentiated			1.606	0.205			0.358	0.550
No	77	19			52	44
Yes	7	4			7	4
pT stage			0.864	0.353			0.105	0.746
2 and 3	75	22			53	44
4	9	1			6	4
Mucinous adenocarcinoma			0.276	0.599			0.937	0.333
No	73	19			49	43
Yes	11	4			10	5
TD (n)			0.122	0.727			1.844	0.175
= 1	58	15			37	36
> 1	26	8			22	12
NLN (n)			0.506	0.477			0.231	0.631
> 12	71	18			50	39
≤ 12	13	5			9	9

LVI: Lymphovascular invasion; PNI: Perineural invasion; TD: Tumor deposit; NLN: Negative lymph nodes.

Table 2 Univariable regression analysis for disease-free survival, overall survival and cancer-specific survival

	DFS		OS		CSS
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
LVI		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
No	1		1		1
Yes	3.510 (1.785-6.902)		7.373 (2.947-18.45)		6.040 (2.314-15.77)
PNI		< 0.001		< 0.001		0.002
No	1		1		1
Yes	3.753 (1.830-7.700)		8.259 (2.393-28.50)		7.320 (2.090-25.64)
Age (years)		0.506		0.393		0.459
≤ 50	1		1		1
> 50	1.494 (0.458-4.873)		2.407 (0.321-18.03)		2.144 (0.284-16.17)
Sex		0.320		0.627		0.330
Female	1		1		1
Male	1.397 (0.723-2.696)		1.251 (0.508-3.081)		1.617 (0.615-4.253)
cT stage		0.414		0.392		0.392
2	1		1		1
3	1.360 (0.469-3.949)	0.572	1.231 (0.270-5.627)	0.788	1.231 (0.270-5.627)	0.788
4	1.539 (0.511-4.634)	4.634	2.224 (0.663-7.466)	0.196	2.224 (0.663-7.466)	0.196
cN stage		0.869		0.733		0.733
0	1		1		1
1	2.446 (0.826-7.238)	0.106	1.998 (0.423-9.438)	0.382	1.998 (0.423-9.438)	0.382
2	1.067 (0.553-2.060)	0.847	1.180 (0.482-2.887)	0.717	1.180 (0.482-2.887)	0.717
Poorly differentiated		0.280		0.204		0.550
No	1		1		1
Yes	1.687 (0.653-4.357)		2.228 (0.647-7.678)		1.570 (0.358-6.896)
pT stage		0.035		0.599		0.490
2 and 3	1		1		1
4	2.580 (1.070-6.220)		1.482 (0.342-6.421)		1.682 (0.384-7.364)
Mucinous adenocarcinoma		0.209		0.224		0.267
No	1		1		1
Yes	0.468 (0.143-1.529)		0.286 (0.038-2.149)		0.318 (0.042-2.406)
TD (n)		0.168		0.365		0.470
= 1	1		1		1
> 1	1.603 (0.820-3.134)		1.540 (0.605-3.919)		1.444 (0.533-3.914)
NLN (n)		0.063		0.194		0.116
> 12	1		1		1
≤ 12	2.045 (0.961-4.351)		1.969 (0.709-5.469)		2.308 (0.813-6.554)

DFS: Disease-free survival; OS: Overall survival; CSS: Cancer-specific survival; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; LVI: Lymphovascular invasion; PNI: Perineural invasion; TD: Tumor deposit; NLN: Negative lymph nodes.

Table 3 Multivariable regression analysis for disease-free survival, overall survival and cancer-specific survival

	DFS		OS		CSS
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
LVI		0.001		< 0.001		0.003
No	1		1		1
Yes	3.368 (1.628-6.966)		5.972 (2.184-16.33)		4.933 (1.736-14.02)
PNI		0.002		0.007		0.011
No	1		1		1
Yes	3.055 (1.478-6.313)		5.643 (1.615-19.72)		5.170 (1.459-18.32)
pT stage		0.009		0.239		0.252
2 and 3	1		1		1
4	3.523 (1.378-9.009)		2.621 (0.526-13.05)		2.561 (0.513-12.80)
NLN (n)		0.171		0.333		0.233
≥ 12	1		1		1
< 12	1.698 (0.796-3.623)		1.668 (0.592-4.698)		1.904 (0.661-5.482)

DFS: Disease-free survival; OS: Overall survival; CSS: Cancer-specific survival; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; LVI: Lymphovascular invasion; PNI: Perineural invasion; NLN: Negative lymph nodes.