Clinicopathological features and treatment of gastrointestinal schwannomas

Table 1 General clinical characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal schwannomas (n = 229), n (%)

Variable	Overall
Age, year, median (IQR)	56.00 (48.00, 63.00)
Tumor size, cm, median (IQR)	2.75 (1.80, 4.03)
Duration of follow-up, month, median (IQR)	13.78 (5.53, 30.60)
Sex
Female	148 (64.6)
Male	81 (35.4)
Year of diagnosis
2007-2013	32 (14.0)
2014-2019	83 (36.2)
2020-2024	114 (49.8)
Tumor location
Esophagus	23 (10.0)
Esophagus (unspecified site)	3 (1.3)
Upper esophagus	5 (2.2)
Middle esophagus	6 (2.6)
Lower esophagus	9 (3.9)
Stomach	176 (76.9)
Stomach (unspecified site)	35 (15.3)
Gastric cardia	3 (1.3)
Gastric fundus	16 (7.0)
Gastric body	94 (41.0)
Gastric angle	3 (1.3)
Gastric antrum	25 (10.9)
Intestines	30 (13.1)
Duodenum	2 (0.9)
Ascending colon	8 (3.5)
Transverse colon	6 (2.6)
Descending colon	3 (1.3)
Sigmoid colon	3 (1.3)
Rectum	8 (3.5)

Tumor size and follow-up duration data were collected from 204 and 77 patients, respectively. IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 2 Comorbidities of patients with gastrointestinal schwannomas (n = 229), n (%)

Variable	Overall
Gastrointestinal neoplasms
Esophageal leiomyoma	1 (0.4)
Gastric stromal tumor	1 (0.4)
Gastric adenocarcinoma	2 (0.9)
Colorectal adenoma	2 (0.9)
Rectal adenocarcinoma	1 (0.4)
Adenoma of the appendix	1 (0.4)
Other tumors
Hepatocellular carcinoma	4 (1.7)
Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas	1 (0.4)
Adrenal cortical adenoma	1 (0.4)
Clear cell carcinoma of the kidney	3 (1.3)
Hamartoma of kidney	1 (0.4)
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma	1 (0.4)
Leukemia	1 (0.4)
Ovarian adenoma	2 (0.9)
Adenocarcinoma of lung	2 (0.9)
Meningioma	1 (0.4)
Adenocarcinoma of prostate	1 (0.4)
Breast cancer	1 (0.4)
Thyroid cancer	1 (0.4)

Table 3 Clinical diagnosis and treatment methods, n (%)

Variable	Overall
Imaging diagnosis (n = 168)
Space-occupying lesion/mass	25 (14.9)
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor	117 (69.6)
Leiomyoma	8 (4.8)
Schwannoma	8 (4.8)
Tumor	9 (5.4)
No obvious abnormality	1 (0.6)
Endoscopic diagnosis (n = 179)
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor	81 (45.2)
Submucosal tumor	95 (53.1)
Space-occupying lesion/mass	3 (1.7)
Endoscopic ultrasound diagnosis (n = 84)
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor	64 (76.2)
Leiomyoma	8 (9.5)
Schwannoma	5 (6.0)
Granular cell tumor	2 (2.4)
Submucosal tumor	5 (5.9)
Clinical diagnosis (n = 229)
Space-occupying lesion/mass	105 (45.9)
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor	80 (34.9)
Leiomyoma	3 (1.3)
Tumor	37 (16.2)
Other diagnosis	4 (1.7)
Treatment method (n = 214)
Endoscopic surgery	65 (30.4)
Endoscopic full-thickness resection	33 (15.4)
Endoscopic submucosal dissection	23 (10.7)
Submucosal tunnel endoscopic resection	8 (3.7)
Snare polypectomy	1 (0.5)
Surgery	149 (69.6)

Table 4 Immunohistochemical results of patients with gastrointestinal schwannomas, n (%)

Variable	Overall
S-100 (n = 209)
+	207 (99.0)
-	2 (1.0)
SOX10 (n = 64)
+	64 (100.0)
CD117 (n = 212)
-	209 (98.6)
+ (focal)	3 (1.4)
DOG-1 (n = 181)
-	179 (98.9)
+ (focal)	2 (1.1)
SMA (n = 205)
-	187 (91.2)
+	18 (8.8)
Desmin (n = 186)
-	171 (91.9)
+	15 (8.1)
Ki-67 (n = 183)
< 5%	121 (66.1)
5-10%	61 (33.3)
> 10%	1 (0.6)
SDHB (n = 46)
+	46 (100.0)
HMB45 (n = 27)
-	27 (100.0)

Only the Ki-67 indexes with specific descriptions were classified and counted.

Table 5 Comparison of endoscopic surgery and surgical treatment of gastrointestinal schwannomas, n (%)

Variable	Endoscopic surgery (n = 65)	Surgery (n = 149)	P value
Age, year, median (IQR)	53.00 (46.00, 62.00)	57.00 (48.00, 64.00)	0.155
Tumor size, cm, median (IQR)	1.60 (1.20, 2.50)	3.50 (2.30, 4.50)	< 0.001
Sex			0.045
Female	34 (52.3)	101 (67.8)
Male	31 (47.7)	48 (32.2)
Tumor location			0.047
Intestines	7 (10.8)	23 (15.4)
Esophagus	12 (18.5)	11 (7.4)
Stomach	46 (70.8)	115 (77.2)
Year of diagnosis			0.002
2007-2013	3 (4.6)	28 (18.8)
2014-2019	18 (27.7)	56 (37.6)
2020-2024	44 (67.7)	65 (43.6)

IQR: Interquartile range.