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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastroenterol. Jan 28, 2025; 31(4): 101749
Published online Jan 28, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i4.101749
Published online Jan 28, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i4.101749
Table 1 Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics of patients in the training and validation sets
| Variables | All patients (n = 829) | Training set (n = 568) | Validation set (n = 261) | P value |
| Age (year), median (IQR) | 64 (44-84) | 64 (44-84) | 64 (47-77) | 0.433 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.866 | |||
| Male | 629 (75.9) | 430 (74.7) | 199 (76.2) | |
| Female | 200 (24.1) | 138 (24.3) | 62 (23.8) | |
| Type of surgery, n (%) | 0.824 | |||
| Sweet Esophagectomy | 334 (40.3) | 232 (40.8) | 102 (39.1) | |
| Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy | 49 (5.9) | 31 (5.5) | 18 (6.9) | |
| Thoracoscopic esophagectomy | 38 (4.6) | 27 (4.8) | 11 (4.2) | |
| McKeown esophagectomy | 408 (49.2) | 278 (48.9) | 130 (49.8) | |
| Tumor size (cm), median (IQR) | 4 (1-11) | 4 (1-11) | 4 (1-11) | 0.233 |
| Tumor centre location, n (%) | 0.731 | |||
| Upper thoracic segment | 34 (4.1) | 25 (4.4) | 9 (3.4) | |
| Middle thoracic segment | 325 (39.2) | 219 (38.6) | 106 (40.6) | |
| Lower thoracic segment | 470 (56.7) | 324 (57) | 146 (55.9) | |
| Histological grade, n (%) | 0.138 | |||
| G1 | 111 (13.4) | 78 (13.7) | 33 (12.6) | |
| G2 | 534 (54.4) | 375 (66) | 159 (60.9) | |
| G3 | 184 (22.2) | 115 (20.2) | 69 (26.4) | |
| pT stage, n (%) | 0.305 | |||
| T1 | 243 (29.3) | 174 (30.6) | 69 (26.4) | |
| T2 | 178 (21.5) | 126 (22.2) | 52 (19.9) | |
| T3 | 246 (29.7) | 158 (27.8) | 88 (33.7) | |
| T4 | 162 (19.5) | 110 (19.4) | 52 (19.9) | |
| pN stage, n (%) | 0.281 | |||
| N0 | 527 (63.6) | 369 (65) | 158 (60.5) | |
| N1 | 176 (21.2) | 122 (21.5) | 54 (20.7) | |
| N2 | 101 (12.2) | 62 (10.9) | 39 (14.9) | |
| N3 | 25 (3.0) | 15 (2.6) | 10 (3.8) | |
| TNM stage, n (%) | 0.355 | |||
| I | 234 (28.2) | 170 (29.9) | 64 (24.5) | |
| II | 231 (27.9) | 155 (27.5) | 75 (28.7) | |
| III | 303 (36.6) | 204 (35.95) | 99 (37.9) | |
| IV | 61 (7.4) | 38 (6.7) | 23 (8.8) | |
| Vascular invasion | 0.184 | |||
| No | 718 (86.6) | 498 (87.7) | 220 (84.3) | |
| Yes | 111 (13.4) | 70 (12.3) | 41 (15.7) | |
| Nerve violations | 0.462 | |||
| No | 725 (87.5) | 500 (88.0) | 225 (86.2) | |
| Yes | 104 (12.5) | 68 (12) | 36 (13.8) | |
| Pathological types | 0.749 | |||
| Superficial type | 257 (31) | 182 (32) | 75 (28.7) | |
| Medullary type | 321 (38.7) | 214 (37.7) | 107 (41) | |
| Fungating type | 21 (2.5) | 14 (2.5) | 7 (2.7) | |
| Ulcerative type | 221 (26.7) | 153 (26.9) | 68 (26.1) | |
| Infiltrating type | 9 (1.1) | 5 (0.9) | 4 (1.5) | |
| Surgical margin | 0.885 | |||
| R0 | 809 (97.6) | 554 (97.5) | 255 (97.7) | |
| R1-2 | 20 (2.4) | 14 (2.5) | 6 (2.3) | |
| Weight (kg), median (IQR) | 64.5 (34-102) | 64 (34-102) | 65 (41-92) | 0.975 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 23.03 (15.24-33.87) | 23.03 (15.78-33.87) | 23.03 (15.24-30.76) | 0.645 |
| HB (g/L), median (IQR) | 131 (73-171) | 131 (73-171) | 132 (73-166) | 0.856 |
| NEUT (109/L), median (IQR) | 3.62 (1.25-9.47) | 3.62 (1.27-9.00) | 3.62 (1.25-9.47) | 0.310 |
| PLT (109/L), median (IQR) | 189 (51.0-527.0) | 184.5 (61.0-527.0) | 195 (51-481) | 0.124 |
| LYC (109/L), median (IQR) | 1.51 (0.22-3.43) | 1.49 (0.22-3.43) | 1.53 (0.31-3.41) | 0.983 |
| MONO (109/L), median (IQR) | 0.4 (0.12-4.8) | 0.4 (0.12-4.8) | 0.4 (0.16-2.56) | 0.836 |
| ALB (g/L), median (IQR) | 45 (26-55.8) | 45.25 (26-55.8) | 44.3 (32.6-54.8) | 0.044 |
| NLR, median (IQR) | 2.45 (0.44-21.8) | 2.42 (0.72-21.8) | 2.52 (0.44-18.51) | 0.448 |
| PLR, median (IQR) | 125.9 (25.66-981.82) | 124.81 (25.66-981.82) | 126.94 (25.81-674.36) | 0.195 |
| LMR, median (IQR) | 3.65 (0.19-17.46) | 3.68 (0.19-17.46) | 3.61 (0.36-13.94) | 0.747 |
| SII, median (IQR) | 462.55 (92.33-4841.9) | 454.03 (95.43-4575.27) | 488.37 (92.33-4841.9) | 0.099 |
| PNI, median (IQR) | 52.75 (35.75-67.15) | 52.85 (35.75-67.15) | 52.3 (38.45-64.2) | 0.095 |
| AGR, median (IQR) | 1.59 (0.64-2.85) | 1.60 (0.64-2.85) | 1.56 (1.04-2.85) | 0.051 |
| HALP, median (IQR) | 45.80 (6.6-231.87) | 46.80 (6.6-231.87) | 44.22 (9.36-203.11) | 0.090 |
| SIRI, median (IQR) | 1.01 (0.15-14.35) | 1.00 (0.16-14.35) | 1.02 (0.15-12.33) | 0.463 |
Table 2 Results of univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis for overall survival in the training set
| Variables | Univariate Cox regression analysis for OS | Multivariate Cox regression analysis for OS | ||
| HR | P value | HR | P value | |
| NIIS score, ≥ -6.58 vs < -6.58 | 2.497 (1.802, 3.458) | < 0.001 | 2.232 (1.599, 3.117) | < 0.001 |
| Age | 1.085 (1.058, 1.112) | < 0.001 | 1.073 (1.046, 1.101) | < 0.001 |
| Size | 1.264 (1.153, 1.385) | < 0.001 | 1.194 (1.082, 1.319) | < 0.001 |
| Gender, female vs male | 1.170 (0.805, 1.700) | 0.412 | ||
| Type of surgery | ||||
| Sweet esophagectomy | 1 | |||
| Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy | 1.079 (0.556, 2.097) | 0.821 | ||
| Thoracoscopic esophagectomy | 1.413 (0.747, 2.672) | 0.288 | ||
| McKeown esophagectomy | 0.886 (0.638, 1.232) | 0.473 | ||
| Site | ||||
| Upper | 1 | |||
| Middle | 2.735 (0.859, 8.714) | 0.089 | ||
| Lower | 2.893 (0.917, 9.127) | 0.07 | ||
| Grade | ||||
| G1 | 1 | |||
| G2 | 1.457 (0.831, 2.554) | 0.189 | 1.231 (0.697, 2.176) | 0.474 |
| G3 | 3.594 (1.998, 6.465) | < 0.001 | 2.124 (1.158, 3.899) | 0.015 |
| pT | ||||
| T1 | 1 | |||
| T2 | 0.960 (0.611, 1.507) | 0.859 | ||
| T3 | 1.338 (0.897, 1.998) | 0.154 | ||
| T4 | 1.267 (0.816, 1.967) | 0.291 | ||
| pN | ||||
| N0 | 1 | |||
| N1 | 1.579 (1.073, 2.324) | 0.02 | 1.581 (0.890, 2.810) | 0.118 |
| N2 | 3.432 (2.306, 5.109) | < 0.001 | 2.950 (1.517, 5.740) | 0.001 |
| N3 | 6.749 (3.481, 13.084) | < 0.001 | 6.426 (2.312, 17.864) | < 0.001 |
| TNM | ||||
| I | 1 | |||
| II | 1.290 (0.812, 2.049) | 0.281 | 1.003 (0.626, 1.609) | 0.989 |
| III | 1.941 (1.288, 2.924) | 0.002 | 0.899 (0.481, 1.680) | 0.738 |
| IV | 4.099 (2.377, 7.069) | < 0.001 | 0.842 (0.335, 2.115) | 0.714 |
| Venous invasion, No vs Yes | 1.390 (0.908, 2.129) | 0.129 | ||
| Perineural invasion, No vs Yes | 1.080 (0.683, 1.708) | 0.742 | ||
| Pathological type | ||||
| Superficial type | 1 | |||
| Medullary type | 1.072 (0.746, 1.541) | 0.705 | ||
| Fungating type | 1.102 (0.399, 3.046) | 0.851 | ||
| Ulcerative type | 0.879 (0.581, 1.329) | 0.541 | ||
| Infiltrating type | 1.455 (0.354, 5.970) | 0.603 | ||
| Surgical margin, R0 vs R1-2 | 1.257 (0.516, 3.062) | 0.614 | ||
- Citation: Liu QW, Liu L, Hu JX, Hou JQ, He WB, Shu YS, Wang XL. Nomogram based on a novel nutritional immune-inflammatory status score to predict postoperative outcomes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(4): 101749
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i4/101749.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i4.101749
