Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 7, 2025; 31(21): 105895
Published online Jun 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i21.105895
Table 1 Characteristics of patients in the training and validation cohorts, n (%)
Variables
Total (n = 161)
Training (n = 112)
Validation (n = 49)
P value
Age (years)29 (22, 38)27 (21, 38)31 (24, 38)0.308
Male gender129 (80.1)90 (80.4)39 (79.6)0.999
BMI (kg/m²)18.70 (16.60, 21.50)19.10 (16.60, 21.50)17.60 (16.60, 20.10)0.282
Smoking49 (30.4)33 (29.5)16 (32.7)0.827
Platelet count (× 109 cells/L)299 (299, 368)298 (227, 377)311 (234, 358)0.834
Albumin (g/dL)35.2 (32.3, 40.1)35.2 (32.4, 39.9)35.0 (31.7, 40.1)0.827
ESR (mm/hour)40.0 (22.0, 74.0)42.0 (22.0,75.0)37.0 (23.0,70.0)0.887
CRP (mg/dL)20.2 (5.0, 50.0)21.6 (5.4, 49.9)17.6 (5.0, 51.2)0.779
Cr (μmol/L)67 (59, 76)68 (61, 77)66 (58, 74)0.309
NLR4.3 (2.7, 5.8)4.3 (2.7, 5.7)4.0 (2.7, 6.0)0.977
CDAI159.0 (107.9, 234.2)158.7 (99.5, 235.4)159.0 (118.0, 230.0)0.786
Montreal location classification0.380
    L1 (ileal disease)58 (36.0)41 (36.6)17 (34.7)
    L2 (colonic disease)15 (9.3)13 (11.6)2 (4.1)
    L3 (ileocolonic disease)88 (54.7)58 (51.8)30 (61.2)
Montreal behaviour classification0.554
    B1 (non stricturing, non-penetrating)72 (44.7)47 (42.0)25 (51.0)
    B2 (stricturing)79 (49.1)58 (51.8)21 (42.9)
    B3 (penetrating)10 (6.2)7 (6.2)3 (6.1)
Pre-IFX treatment
    SAT area (cm2/m2)20.0 (7.9, 33.4)21.7 (8.3, 33.4)19.2 (7.2, 33.4)0.511
    VAT area (cm2/m2)8.1 (3.2, 25.9)7.4 (3.2, 24.5)9.7 (3.1, 28.0)0.790
    SAT volume (cm3/m3)423.2 (166.0, 773.3)438.2 (170.7, 758.5)359.8 (155.1, 806.2)0.901
    VAT volume (cm3/m3)187.3 (83.1, 421.4)169.6 (79.15, 410.3)214.7 (93.6, 468.1)0.866
    VAT/SAT area ratio (≥ 1)45 (28.0)28 (25.0)17 (34.7)0.210
    VAT/SAT volume ratio (≥ 1)27 (16.8)19 (17.0)8 (16.3)0.921
Post-IFX treatment
    SAT area (cm2/m2)22.7 (12.9, 35.6)23.9 (13.7, 39.7)19.8 (12.1, 31.7)0.068
    VAT area (cm2/m2)11.0 (5.2, 24.9)11.7 (6.1, 26.7)9.8 (4.2, 20.3)0.219
    SAT volume (cm3/m3)310.5 (166.1, 596.4)321.5 (181.8, 627.6)297.6 (156.8, 535.2)0.368
    VAT volume (cm3/m3)436.2 (244.5, 759.9)469.1 (272.9, 824.0)359.6 (214.8, 626.8)0.131
    VAT/SAT area ratio (≥ 1)37 (23.0)25 (22.3)12 (24.5)0.765
    VAT/SAT volume ratio (≥ 1)18 (11.2)12 (10.7)6 (12.2)0.778
Table 2 Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis for prediction of secondary loss of response to infliximab in Crohn’s disease patients in the training cohort, n (%)
VariablesNon-SLR (n = 74)SLR (n = 38)Univariable analysis
Multivariable analysis
OR (95CI)
P value
OR (95%CI)
P value
Age (years)27 (21, 38)27 (21, 38)1.004 (0.677-1.489)0.990
Male gender61 (82.4)29 (76.3)1.456 (0.323-6.573)0.603
BMI (kg/m2)19.25 (16.62, 21.10)18.95 (16.65, 23.02)0.968 (0.292-3.210)0.794
Smoking23 (31.1)10 (26.3)1.263 (0.453-3.521)0.760
Platelet count (× 109 cells/L)291 (197, 368)323 (272, 406)0.997 (0.021-46.938)0.0491.005 (1.001-1.008)0.011
Albumin (g/dL)35.7 (32.7, 40.3)34.3 (32.3, 39.7)1.020 (0.289-3.593)0.480
ESR (mm/hour)39.5 (24.0, 74.8)47.0 (18.3, 75.5)1.000 (0.972-1.029)0.703
CRP (mg/dL)22.1 (6.7, 51.2)16.1 (5.0, 44.4)1.006 (0.116-8.735)0.296
Cr (μmol/L)69 (61,78)65 (58, 74)1.020 (0.078-13.332)0.167
NLR4.3 (2.7, 5.7)4.3 (3.1, 5.8)1.033 (0.360-2.964)0.825
CDAI156.5 (98.5, 242.4)166.4 (124.8, 233.5)1.001 (0.590-1.695)0.890
Montreal location classification0.786 (0.090-6.874)0.401
    L1 (ileal disease)29 (39.2)12 (31.5)
    L2 (colonic disease)8 (10.8)5 (13.2)
    L3 (ileocolonic disease)37 (50.5)21 (55.3)
Montreal behaviour classification0.472 (0.007-32.379)0.0312.307 (1.108-4.803)0.025
    B1 (non stricturing, non-penetrating)36 (48.6)11 (29.0)
    B2 (stricturing)35 (47.3)23 (60.5)
    B3 (penetrating)3 (4.1)4 (10.5)
Pre-IFX treatment
    SAT area (cm2/m2)21.2 (7.5, 33.4)21.7 (9.2, 33.4)0.999 (0.873-1.143)0.98
    VAT area (cm2/m2)6.9 (3.0, 21.6)9.7 (3.6, 26.9)0.994 (0.320-3.088)0.405
    SAT volume (cm3/m3)453.3 (165.2, 761.2)409.8 (179.3, 745.3)1.000 (0.840-1.190)0.815
    VAT volume (cm3/m3)168.5 (75.5, 394.8)234.1 (97.3, 415.2)0.999 (0.210-4.761)0.424
    VAT/SAT area ratio (≥ 1)17 (57.0)11 (28.9)1.366 (0.353-5.282)0.491
    VAT/SAT volume ratio (≥ 1)8 (10.8)11 (28.9)3.361 (0.034-330.690)0.0163.977 (1.320-11.980)0.014
Post-IFX treatment
    SAT area (cm2/m2)26.4 (14.3, 39.8)20.2 (12.9, 39.3)1.007 (0.272-3.731)0.386
    VAT area (cm2/m2)11.8 (6.1, 28.6)11.1 (6.2, 23.0)1.009 (0.222-4.577)0.681
    SAT volume (cm3/m3)481.9 (289.0, 782.3)408.1 (271.2, 836.1)1.000 (0.226-4.427)0.435
    VAT volume (cm3/m3)319.2 (187.9, 624.6)434.9 (170.6, 612.7)1.000 (0.544-1.838)0.975
    VAT/SAT area ratio (≥ 1)18 (24.3)7 (18.4)0.703 (0.175-2.815)0.479
    VAT/SAT volume ratio (≥ 1)6 (8.1)6 (15.8)2.125 (0.193-23.398)0.215
Table 3 Performance of models for predicting secondary loss of response in the training and validation cohorts

AUC (95%CI)
Sensitivity
Specificity
PPV
NPV
P alue1
Accuracy
Training cohort (n = 112)
    Clinical model0.767 (0.678-0.857)85.1% (63/74)36.8% (14/38)72.4% (63/87)56.0% (14/25)-68.8% (77/112)
    Radiomics model0.816 (0.737-0.896)86.5% (64/74)47.4% (18/38)76.2% (64/84)64.3% (18/28)0.13373.2% (82/112)
    Combined model0.853 (0.786-0.921)85.1% (63/74)52.6% (20/38)77.8% (63/81)64.5% (20/31)0.02374.1% (83/112)
Validation cohort (n = 49)
    Clinical model0.707 (0.539-0.876)96.97% (32/33)31.3% (5/16)74.4% (32/43)83.3% (5/6)-79.9% (37/49)
    Radiomics model0.750 (0.605-0.895)84.8% (28/33)50.0% (8/16)77.8% (28/36)61.5% (8/13)0.20473.5% (36/49)
    Combined model0.812 (0.677-0.948)93.9% (31/33)50.0% (8/16)79.5% (31/39)80.0% (8/10)0.04879.6% (39/49)