Development and validation of a nomogram for preoperative prediction of tumor deposits in colorectal cancer

Table 1 Characteristics of patients, n (%)

Variables	No TD	TD	Total	P value
Age (yr)				0.906
≤ 64	321 (54.0)	28 (54.9)	349 (54.1)
> 64	273 (46.0)	23 (45.1)	296 (45.9)
Sex				0.029
Male	350 (58.9)	22 (43.1)	372 (57.7)
Female	244 (41.1)	29 (56.9)	273 (42.3)
Preoperative obstruction				< 0.001
No	535 (90.1)	37 (72.5)	572 (88.7)
Yes	59 (9.9)	14 (27.5)	73 (11.3)
Hypertension				0.106
No	440 (74.1)	43 (84.3)	483 (74.9)
Yes	154 (25.9)	8 (15.7)	162 (25.1)
Diabetes				0.459
No	522 (87.9)	43 (84.3)	565 (87.6)
Yes	72 (12.1)	8 (15.7)	80 (12.4)
BMI (kg/m2)				0.970
≤ 25	502 (84.5)	43 (84.3)	545 (84.5)
>25	92 (15.5)	8 (15.7)	100 (15.5)
Smoking history				0.581
No	533 (89.7)	47 (92.2)	580 (89.9)
Yes	61 (10.3)	4 (7.8)	65 (10.1)
Abdominal surgery				1.000
No	542 (91.2)	47 (92.2)	589 (91.3)
Yes	52 (8.8)	4 (7.8)	56 (8.7)
Tumor position				0.236
Right	149 (25.1)	9 (17.6)	158 (24.5)
Left	445 (74.9)	42 (82.4)	487 (75.5)
Occupied intestinal circumference				0.139
≤ 1/2	225 (37.9)	14 (27.5)	239 (37.1)
> 1/2	369 (62.1)	37 (72.5)	406 (62.9)
Tumor size (cm)				0.015
≤ 3	133 (22.4)	4 (7.8)	137 (21.2)
> 3	461 (77.6)	47 (92.2)	508 (78.8)
NLR				0.925
≤ 3	423 (71.2)	36 (70.6)	459 (71.2)
> 3	171 (28.8)	15 (29.4)	186 (28.8)
CA-199 (U/mL)				0.037
≤ 18	400 (67.3)	27 (52.9)	427 (66.2)
> 18	194 (32.7)	24 (47.1)	218 (33.8)
CEA (ng/mL)				0.01
≤ 5	355 (59.8)	21 (41.2)	376 (58.3)
> 5	239 (40.2)	30 (58.8)	269 (41.7)
T stage				0.003
T0-T2	108 (18.2)	1 (2.0)	109 (16.9)
T3-T4	486 (81.8)	50 (98.0)	536 (83.1)
N stage				< 0.001
N0	349 (58.8)	2 (3.9)	351 (54.4)
N1-N2	245 (41.2)	49 (96.1)	294 (45.6)
Differentiation				0.011
Poor	33 (5.6)	8 (15.7)	41 (6.4)
Well/moderate	561 (94.4)	43 (84.3)	604 (93.6)

TD: Tumor deposit; BMI: Body mass index; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA-199: Carbohydrate antigen 199.

Table 2 The multivariate logistic regression results

Variables	Odds ratio	95%CI	P value
Sex
Male	1
Female	2.404	1.249-4.626	0.009
Preoperative obstruction
No	1
Yes	3.119	1.427-6.818	0.004
Diabetes
No	1
Yes	1.485	0.602-3.663	0.391
Tumor position
Right	1
Left	2.511	1.088-5.795	0.031
Tumor size (cm)
≤ 3	1
> 3	2.631	0.867-7.977	0.088
CEA
≤ 5	1
> 5	1.889	0.983-3.632	0.056
N stage
N0	1
N1-N2	29.658	7.051-124.744	< 0.001
Differentiation
Poor	1
Well/moderate	0.476	0.179-1.260	0.135

CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CI: Confidence interval.