Heparanase inhibition leads to improvement in patients with acute gastrointestinal injuries induced by sepsis

Table 1 Changes in the acute gastrointestinal injury grades of the patients in the two groups

Variable	Control group (n = 48)	Intervention group (n = 47)	P value
Age, mean (SD), yr	59.90 (18.81)	60.98 (14.10)	0.752
Sex, male, n (%)	33 (68.75)	33 (70.21)	0.877
BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2	22.62 (4.08)	23.89 (5.10)	0.788
MODS, n (%)	33 (68.75)	34 (72.34)	0.701
Septic shock, n (%)	32 (66.67)	31 (65.96)	0.942
APACHE II score, median (IQR)	22 (19, 29)	23 (19, 35)	0.966
SOFA score, median (IQR)	9 (7,10.75)	9 (7, 13)	0.871
Infection score, n (%)
Lung	10 (20.83)	16 (34.04)	0.149
Urinary tract	2 (4.17)	1 (2.13)	0.57
Intra-abdominal	14 (29.17)	16 (34.04)	0.609
Central nervous system	13 (27.08)	7 (14.89)	0.145
Blood/vascular access	3 (6.25)	4 (8.51)	0.673
Other	5 (10.42)	2 (4.26)	0.25
Confirmed unknown	1 (2.08)	1 (2.13)	0.988
Initial AGI grade, n (%)
I	9 (18.75)	8 (17.02)	0.826
II	13 (27.08)	10 (21.28)	0.509
III	20 (41.67)	22 (46.81)	0.614
IV	6 (12.50)	7 (14.89)	0.734
WBC, mean (SD), (109/L)	19.20 (9.91)	15.92 (9.65)	0.424
PCT, mean (SD), (ng/mL)	10.77 (21.64)	11.19 (17.58)	0.919
HPA, mean (SD), (ng/mL)	10.10 (0.91)	9.81 (0.72)	0.095
Syndecan-1, mean (SD), (ng/mL)	31.77 (7.49)	31.45 (8.29)	0.845

BMI: Body mass index; MODS: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome; APACHE II: Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; SOFA: Sequential organ failure assessment; AGI: Acute gastrointestinal injury; HPA: Heparanase; WBC: Blood cell count; PCT: Procalcitonin; IQR: Interquartile range.

Table 2 Changes in the acute gastrointestinal injury grades of the patients in the two groups

	AGI I, n (%)		AGI II, n (%)		AGI III, n (%)		AGI IV, n (%)
	Control group	Intervention group	Control group	Intervention group	Control group	Intervention group	Control group	Intervention group
Day 1	0 (0)	0 (0)	6 (12.50)	6 (12.77)	29 (60.42)	29 (61.70)	13 (27.08)	12 (25.53)
Day 3	0 (0)	0 (0)	14 (29.17)	20 (42.55)	30 (62.50)	26 (55.32)	4 (8.33)	1 (2.13)
Day 7	7 (14.58)	17 (36.17)	31 (64.58)	28 (59.57)	10 (20.83)	2 (4.26)	0 (0)	0 (0)

AGI: Acute gastrointestinal injury.

Table 3 Correlation between heparanase and LC3B and acute gastrointestinal injury grade in the two groups

		Control group				Intervention group
		LC3B (μg/mL)		AGI grade		LC3B (μg/mL)		AGI grade
HPA (ng/mL)	Day 1	r = -0.8394	P < 0.001	r = 0.8441	P < 0.001	r = -0.8456	P < 0.001	r = 0.7106	P < 0.001
	Day 3	r = -0.9545	P < 0.001	r = 0.7670	P < 0.001	r = -0.8882	P < 0.001	r = 0.8135	P < 0.001
	Day 7	r = -0.8258	P < 0.001	r =0.7657	P < 0.001	r = -0.8724	P < 0.001	r = 0.7839	P < 0.001

AGI: Acute gastrointestinal injury; HPA: Heparanase.