Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 21, 2023; 29(35): 5125-5137
Published online Sep 21, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i35.5125
Table 1 Demographic characteristics of patients in the two groups

Normal group (n = 65)
Abnormal group (n = 148)
P value
Male (n, %)49 (75.4)116 (78.4)0.722
Ratio (men to women)3.063.630.722
Age (yr)57.4 ± 12.659.8 ± 11.00.163
Age of men56.5 ± 12.960.3 ± 10.40.047a
Age of women60.1 ± 11.857.94 ± 12.90.572
Duration before diagnosis (d)78.4 ± 71.793.1 ± 124.80.686
Lengths of stay (d)16.5 ± 8.715.6 ± 9.00.351
Table 2 Clinical symptoms of patients in the two groups (n, %)

Normal group (n = 65)
Abnormal group (n = 148)
P value
Inducements
No obvious cause56 (86.2)125 (84.5)0.750
Greasy food intake7 (10.8)16 (10.8)0.993
Alcohol intake2 (3.1)5 (3.4)0.910
Initial symptoms
Abdominal pain24 (36.9)63 (42.6)0.440
Jaundice20 (30.8)42 (28.4)0.724
Abdominal distension11 (16.9)31 (20.9)0.497
Pruritus6 (9.2)22 (14.9)0.263
Diarrhea0 (0.0)7 (4.7)0.104
Accompanied symptoms
Jaundice46 (70.8)86 (58.1)0.080
Abdominal pain28 (43.1)70 (47.3)0.569
Pruritus15 (23.1)37 (25.0)0.764
Abdominal distension11 (16.9)34 (23.0)0.319
Loss of weight34 (52.3)75 (50.7)0.826
Extrapancreatic lesions
Sclerosing Cholangitis20 (30.8)55 (37.2)0.368
Salivary and lacrimal gland7 (10.8)26 (17.6)0.207
Retroperitoneal fibrosis3 (4.6)6 (4.1)0.851
Kidney4 (6.2)10 (6.8)0.870
Lung1 (1.5)2 (1.4)0.915
Table 3 Laboratory results of patients in the two groups (n, %)

Normal group (n = 65)
Abnormal group (n = 148)
P value
Hb (g/L)126.3 ± 16.8126.8 ± 14.60.828
WBC (× 109/L)6.5 ± 2.25.8 ± 1.80.026a
NEUT61.8 ± 11.156.1 ± 10.30.001a
LY26.8 ± 9.829.2 ± 8.20.071
EOS3.9 ± 3.46.2 ± 5.40.001a
BASO0.6 ± 0.40.8 ± 0.50.003a
PLT (× 109/L)212.9 ± 83.3218.6 ± 75.00.621
TP (g/L)67.2 ± 7.572.5 ± 7.9< 0.001a
ALB (g/L)39.4 ± 5.836.7 ± 4.60.001a
TT (s)16.9 ± 1.217.4 ± 1.60.012a
IgG1 (mg/dL)872.6 ± 371.8935.8 ± 319.90.045a
IgG2 (mg/dL)450.4 ± 174.0638.6 ± 241.6< 0.001a
IgG3 (mg/dL)42.70 ± 43.3753.6 ± 58.40.034a
IgG4 (mg/dL)252.7 ± 106.61420.5 ± 1110.9< 0.001a
IgE (IU/mL)231.7 ± 352.5635.6 ± 958.10.002a
IgG (mg/dL)1323.6 ± 503.92062.1 ± 918.9< 0.001a
FLC-κ (mg/dL)306.1 ± 99.7569.6 ± 252.5< 0.001a
FLC-λ (mg/dL)176.4 ± 63.4282.5 ± 124.5< 0.001a
C3 (mg/dL)119.0 ± 45.7100.6 ± 36.20.050
ESR (mm/h)21.1 ± 20.143.4 ± 28.60.002a
ANA (positive)5 (12.5)19 (20.0)0.298
CA19-9 (abnormal)33 (53.0)73 (52.0)0.887
Table 4 Radiological results of patients in the two groups (n, %)

Normal group (n = 65)
Abnormal group (n = 127)
P value
Parenchymal imaging
Diffuse type33 (56.9)86 (67.7)0.154
Focal type16 (27.6)24 (18.9)0.227
Normal9 (15.5)17 (13.4)0.699
Capsule-like rim10 (17.2)30 (23.6)0.328
Others
Bile duct enhancement15 (25.9)44 (34.7)0.234
Hypo-dense lesion in kidney4 (6.9)11 (8.7)0.683
Pancreatic atrophy5 (8.6)2 (1.6)0.020a
Retroperitoneal fibrosis3 (5.2)1 (0.8)0.057
Pancreatic pseudocyst1 (1.7)3 (2.4)0.782
Pancreatic ductal imaging
Stricture or dilatation22 (37.9)30 (23.6)0.045a
Normal36 (62.1)97 (76.4)
SUV-max4.55 (3.725-6.25)5.35 (4.025-6.475)0.260
Table 5 Remission and relapse of patients in the two groups (n, %)
Normal group (n = 65)Abnormal group (n = 148)P value
Managements
Methods
Steroid monotherapy26 (40.0)81 (54.7)0.029a
Steroid and immunomodulator14 (21.5)30 (20.3)
Endoscope or surgery12 (18.5)9 (6.1)
Others113 (20.0)28 (18.9)
Duration of steroid (wk)8 (6-9)8 (6-9)0.750
Dose of steroid (prednisolone, mg/d)42.5 (40-100)40 (30-50)0.200
Remission65 (100.0)145 (98.0)0.555
Normal group (n = 4)Abnormal group (n = 26)P value
Relapse
Relapse rate4/58 (6.2)26/135 (17.6)0.030a
Relapse duration (mo)25 (13.5-52.3)43 (16.3-72)0.442
Lesions of relapse
Pancreas4 (100.0)21 (80.8)0.337
Extrapancreatic organs0 (0.0)5 (19.2)
Times of relapse
Once4 (100.0)22 (84.6)0.399
More than one time0 (0.0)4 (15.4)
Initial therapies
Steroid monotherapy1 (25.0)15 (57.7)0.129
Steroid and immunomodulator2 (50.0)2 (7.70)
Endoscope or surgery0 (0.00)2 (7.70)
Others11 (25.0)7 (26.9)
Therapies for relapse
Steroid monotherapy2 (50.0)18 (69.2)0.410
Steroid and immunomodulator1 (25.0)2 (7.70)
Endoscope or surgery1 (25.0)2 (7.70)
Others10 (0.00)4 (15.4)