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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 21, 2023; 29(35): 5125-5137
Published online Sep 21, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i35.5125
Published online Sep 21, 2023. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i35.5125
Table 1 Demographic characteristics of patients in the two groups
Normal group (n = 65) | Abnormal group (n = 148) | P value | |
Male (n, %) | 49 (75.4) | 116 (78.4) | 0.722 |
Ratio (men to women) | 3.06 | 3.63 | 0.722 |
Age (yr) | 57.4 ± 12.6 | 59.8 ± 11.0 | 0.163 |
Age of men | 56.5 ± 12.9 | 60.3 ± 10.4 | 0.047a |
Age of women | 60.1 ± 11.8 | 57.94 ± 12.9 | 0.572 |
Duration before diagnosis (d) | 78.4 ± 71.7 | 93.1 ± 124.8 | 0.686 |
Lengths of stay (d) | 16.5 ± 8.7 | 15.6 ± 9.0 | 0.351 |
Table 2 Clinical symptoms of patients in the two groups (n, %)
Normal group (n = 65) | Abnormal group (n = 148) | P value | |
Inducements | |||
No obvious cause | 56 (86.2) | 125 (84.5) | 0.750 |
Greasy food intake | 7 (10.8) | 16 (10.8) | 0.993 |
Alcohol intake | 2 (3.1) | 5 (3.4) | 0.910 |
Initial symptoms | |||
Abdominal pain | 24 (36.9) | 63 (42.6) | 0.440 |
Jaundice | 20 (30.8) | 42 (28.4) | 0.724 |
Abdominal distension | 11 (16.9) | 31 (20.9) | 0.497 |
Pruritus | 6 (9.2) | 22 (14.9) | 0.263 |
Diarrhea | 0 (0.0) | 7 (4.7) | 0.104 |
Accompanied symptoms | |||
Jaundice | 46 (70.8) | 86 (58.1) | 0.080 |
Abdominal pain | 28 (43.1) | 70 (47.3) | 0.569 |
Pruritus | 15 (23.1) | 37 (25.0) | 0.764 |
Abdominal distension | 11 (16.9) | 34 (23.0) | 0.319 |
Loss of weight | 34 (52.3) | 75 (50.7) | 0.826 |
Extrapancreatic lesions | |||
Sclerosing Cholangitis | 20 (30.8) | 55 (37.2) | 0.368 |
Salivary and lacrimal gland | 7 (10.8) | 26 (17.6) | 0.207 |
Retroperitoneal fibrosis | 3 (4.6) | 6 (4.1) | 0.851 |
Kidney | 4 (6.2) | 10 (6.8) | 0.870 |
Lung | 1 (1.5) | 2 (1.4) | 0.915 |
Table 3 Laboratory results of patients in the two groups (n, %)
Normal group (n = 65) | Abnormal group (n = 148) | P value | |
Hb (g/L) | 126.3 ± 16.8 | 126.8 ± 14.6 | 0.828 |
WBC (× 109/L) | 6.5 ± 2.2 | 5.8 ± 1.8 | 0.026a |
NEUT | 61.8 ± 11.1 | 56.1 ± 10.3 | 0.001a |
LY | 26.8 ± 9.8 | 29.2 ± 8.2 | 0.071 |
EOS | 3.9 ± 3.4 | 6.2 ± 5.4 | 0.001a |
BASO | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 0.003a |
PLT (× 109/L) | 212.9 ± 83.3 | 218.6 ± 75.0 | 0.621 |
TP (g/L) | 67.2 ± 7.5 | 72.5 ± 7.9 | < 0.001a |
ALB (g/L) | 39.4 ± 5.8 | 36.7 ± 4.6 | 0.001a |
TT (s) | 16.9 ± 1.2 | 17.4 ± 1.6 | 0.012a |
IgG1 (mg/dL) | 872.6 ± 371.8 | 935.8 ± 319.9 | 0.045a |
IgG2 (mg/dL) | 450.4 ± 174.0 | 638.6 ± 241.6 | < 0.001a |
IgG3 (mg/dL) | 42.70 ± 43.37 | 53.6 ± 58.4 | 0.034a |
IgG4 (mg/dL) | 252.7 ± 106.6 | 1420.5 ± 1110.9 | < 0.001a |
IgE (IU/mL) | 231.7 ± 352.5 | 635.6 ± 958.1 | 0.002a |
IgG (mg/dL) | 1323.6 ± 503.9 | 2062.1 ± 918.9 | < 0.001a |
FLC-κ (mg/dL) | 306.1 ± 99.7 | 569.6 ± 252.5 | < 0.001a |
FLC-λ (mg/dL) | 176.4 ± 63.4 | 282.5 ± 124.5 | < 0.001a |
C3 (mg/dL) | 119.0 ± 45.7 | 100.6 ± 36.2 | 0.050 |
ESR (mm/h) | 21.1 ± 20.1 | 43.4 ± 28.6 | 0.002a |
ANA (positive) | 5 (12.5) | 19 (20.0) | 0.298 |
CA19-9 (abnormal) | 33 (53.0) | 73 (52.0) | 0.887 |
Table 4 Radiological results of patients in the two groups (n, %)
Normal group (n = 65) | Abnormal group (n = 127) | P value | |
Parenchymal imaging | |||
Diffuse type | 33 (56.9) | 86 (67.7) | 0.154 |
Focal type | 16 (27.6) | 24 (18.9) | 0.227 |
Normal | 9 (15.5) | 17 (13.4) | 0.699 |
Capsule-like rim | 10 (17.2) | 30 (23.6) | 0.328 |
Others | |||
Bile duct enhancement | 15 (25.9) | 44 (34.7) | 0.234 |
Hypo-dense lesion in kidney | 4 (6.9) | 11 (8.7) | 0.683 |
Pancreatic atrophy | 5 (8.6) | 2 (1.6) | 0.020a |
Retroperitoneal fibrosis | 3 (5.2) | 1 (0.8) | 0.057 |
Pancreatic pseudocyst | 1 (1.7) | 3 (2.4) | 0.782 |
Pancreatic ductal imaging | |||
Stricture or dilatation | 22 (37.9) | 30 (23.6) | 0.045a |
Normal | 36 (62.1) | 97 (76.4) | |
SUV-max | 4.55 (3.725-6.25) | 5.35 (4.025-6.475) | 0.260 |
Table 5 Remission and relapse of patients in the two groups (n, %)
Normal group (n = 65) | Abnormal group (n = 148) | P value | |
Managements | |||
Methods | |||
Steroid monotherapy | 26 (40.0) | 81 (54.7) | 0.029a |
Steroid and immunomodulator | 14 (21.5) | 30 (20.3) | |
Endoscope or surgery | 12 (18.5) | 9 (6.1) | |
Others1 | 13 (20.0) | 28 (18.9) | |
Duration of steroid (wk) | 8 (6-9) | 8 (6-9) | 0.750 |
Dose of steroid (prednisolone, mg/d) | 42.5 (40-100) | 40 (30-50) | 0.200 |
Remission | 65 (100.0) | 145 (98.0) | 0.555 |
Normal group (n = 4) | Abnormal group (n = 26) | P value | |
Relapse | |||
Relapse rate | 4/58 (6.2) | 26/135 (17.6) | 0.030a |
Relapse duration (mo) | 25 (13.5-52.3) | 43 (16.3-72) | 0.442 |
Lesions of relapse | |||
Pancreas | 4 (100.0) | 21 (80.8) | 0.337 |
Extrapancreatic organs | 0 (0.0) | 5 (19.2) | |
Times of relapse | |||
Once | 4 (100.0) | 22 (84.6) | 0.399 |
More than one time | 0 (0.0) | 4 (15.4) | |
Initial therapies | |||
Steroid monotherapy | 1 (25.0) | 15 (57.7) | 0.129 |
Steroid and immunomodulator | 2 (50.0) | 2 (7.70) | |
Endoscope or surgery | 0 (0.00) | 2 (7.70) | |
Others1 | 1 (25.0) | 7 (26.9) | |
Therapies for relapse | |||
Steroid monotherapy | 2 (50.0) | 18 (69.2) | 0.410 |
Steroid and immunomodulator | 1 (25.0) | 2 (7.70) | |
Endoscope or surgery | 1 (25.0) | 2 (7.70) | |
Others1 | 0 (0.00) | 4 (15.4) |
- Citation: Zhou GZ, Zeng JQ, Wang L, Liu M, Meng K, Wang ZK, Zhang XL, Peng LH, Yan B, Pan F. Clinical characteristics and outcome of autoimmune pancreatitis based on serum immunoglobulin G4 level: A single-center, retrospective cohort study. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29(35): 5125-5137
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v29/i35/5125.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v29.i35.5125