Novel multi-parametric diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using ultrasonography, body mass index, and Fib-4 index

Table 1 Patients’ characteristics

Patients’ characteristics	n = 107
M/F	61/46
Age (yr)	55.1 ± 15.9
BMI (kg/m2)	26.8 ± 4.1
Metabolic diseases
Diabetes mellitus (yes/no)	25/82
Dyslipidemia (yes/no)	35/72
Hypertension (yes/no)	37/70
Concomitant drugs
SGLT2 inhibitor	12
DPP-4 inhibitor	13
Thiazolidinedione	2
GLP-1 agonist	2
Statin	19
Bezafibrate	0
Pemafibrate	8
EPA and DHA preparation	1
AST (U/L)	44.9 ± 38.0
ALT (U/L)	70.6 ± 57.7
GGT (U/L)	99.6 ± 139.7
T-B (mg/dL)	0.9 ± 0.5
Alb (mg/dL)	4.5 ± 0.4
eGFR (mL/min)	73.0 ± 15.0
HbA1c (%)	6.5 ± 1.2
T-chol (mg/dL)	202.1 ± 52.6
TG (mg/dL)	180.0 ± 119.0
WBC (103/μL)	6731.8 ± 1882.5
Hb (g/dL)	14.7 ± 1.3
Plts (104/μL)	23.9 ± 7.6
Fib-4 index	1.53 ± 1.90

M: Male; F: Female; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; T-Bil: Total bilirubin; Alb: Albumin; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin A1c; T-chol: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; WBC: White blood cells; Hb: Hemoglobin; Plts: Platelets.

Table 2 Comparison of the two groups classified by area of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis pentagon

	Large pentagon group (n = 64)	Small pentagon group (n = 43)	P value
M/F	33/31	28/15	0.165
Age (yr)	60.8 ± 15.2	46.4 ± 13.2	< 0.0001
Metabolic diseases
Diabetes mellitus (yes/no)	18/46	6/37	0.0849
Dyslipidemia (yes/no)	27/37	8/35	0.0108
Hypertension (yes/no)	29/35	7/36	0.0183
AST (U/L)	52.6 ± 44.2	40.3 ± 24.4	0.0521
ALT (U/L)	61.1 ± 45.2	83.0 ± 71.6	0.1699
GGT (U/L)	97.3 ± 123.2	102.9 ± 162.0	0.7238
T-B (mg/dL)	1.01 ± 0.6	0.77 ± 0.3	0.0044
Alb (mg/dL)	4.5 ± 0.4	4.6 ± 0.4	0.2843
eGFR (mL/min)	71.8 ± 16.4	74.7 ± 12.1	0.1639
HbA1c (%)	6.5 ± 1.1	6.3 ± 1.2	0.2847
T-chol (mg/dL)	188.5 ± 59.4	221.3 ± 33.8	0.008
TG (mg/dL)	172.9 ± 126.5	189.9 ± 108.8	0.1278
WBC (103/μL)	6225.0 ± 1586.9	7463.9 ± 2050.9	0.008
Hb (g/dL)	14.7 ± 1.3	14.7 ± 1.5	0.6836
Plts (104/μL)	21.0 ± 6.5	28.8 ± 6.6	< 0.0001
SWS (m/s)	1.78 ± 0.36	1.39 ± 0.14	< 0.0001
DS [(m/s)/kHz]	13.3 ± 3.7	10.8 ± 2.0	< 0.0001
ATI value [(dB/cm)/MHz]	0.78 ± 0.13	0.74 ± 0.13	0.1047
Fib-4 index	2.2 ± 2.3	0.7 ± 0.4	< 0.0001
BMI (kg/m2)	27.8 ± 4.4	25.6 ± 3.2	0.0249
NASH/NAFL	22/42	3/40	0.0042

M: Male; F: Female; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; T-chol: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; WBC: White blood cells; Hb: Hemoglobin; Plts: Platelets; SWS: Shear wave speed; DS: Dispersion slope; ATI value: Attenuation imaging value; BMI: Body mass index; Alb: Albumin; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; NAFL: Non-alcoholic fatty liver.