Crohn’s disease-related ‘gastrocnemius myalgia syndrome’ successfully treated with infliximab: A case report

Table 1 Case descriptions of gastrocnemius myalgia syndrome reported in Crohn’s disease

Ref.	Age (yr)/sex at GMS onset	Initial presentation, time-to-onset	Active CD at time of GMS dx	CK serum level	Biopsy	Treatment	Corticosteroids-dependence (d) or resistance (r)
Ménard et al[8], 1976	44/M	Muscular, 2 mo	No	N	Granulomatous myositis	PDS1 (80 mg/d)	No
Gilliam et al[13], 1981	19/M	Digestive, 6 mo	Yes	N	Necrotizing vasculitis	PDS1 (60 mg/d)	No
Hall et al[10], 1985	32/F	Muscular, 120 mo	Yes	N	Non-granulomatous myositis	5-ASA1, PDS1 (25 mg/d)	No
Drabble and Gani[14], 1992	50/M	Digestive, 168 mo	Yes	N	Not performed	Hydrocortisone1 (400 mg/d), PDS1	No
Disdier et al[11], 1997, Case 1	26/F	Muscular, 48 mo	Yes	N	Necrotizing vasculitis	PDS1 (60 mg/d), CYC1, 5-ASA1	Yes (r)
Disdier et al[11], 1997, Case 2	21/F	Simultaneous	Yes	N	Vasculitis	PDS (1 mg/kg/d), AZA1	Yes (d)
Christopoulos et al[3], 2003	19/F	Simultaneous	Yes	N	Granulomatous myositis	PDS1 (0.5 mg/kg/d)	No
Ullrich et al[15], 2009	25/F	Digestive, 84 mo	Yes	N	Vasculitis	PDS (50 mg/d), AZA, IFX1	Yes (d)
Co et al[16], 2010	15/F	Digestive, 8 mo	Yes	N	Not performed	IFX1	/
Mogul et al[17], 2010	15/M	Digestive, 60 mo	No	N	Non-granulomatous myositis	PDS1 (40 mg/d), MTX1	No
Piette et al[18], 2010	45/M	Simultaneous	Yes	(3-13 × N)	Vasculitis	PDS1 (1 mg/kg/d)	No
Goldshmid et al[19], 2011	24/F	Simultaneous	Yes	(330 U/L)	Not performed	MPDS (100 mg/d), IFX1, AZA1	Yes (d)
Vadala di Prampero et al[20], 2016	26/M	Digestive, 72 mo	Yes	N	Non-granulomatous myositis	PDS (60 mg/d), AZA1 (chronic), Adalimumab1	Yes (d)
Saffar[12], 2017	33/F	Digestive, 120 mo	Yes	N	Not performed	PDS, IFX1	Yes (r)
Osada et al[9], 2018	38/M	Digestive, 3 mo	Yes	N	Non-granulomatous myositis	PDS, AZA1, 5-ASA1	Yes (d)
Current case	33/F	Simultaneous	Yes	N	Granulomatous myositis	MDPS (0.8/kg/d), IFX1	Yes (d)

¹These treatment modalities are those that induced a persistent remission of myositis-related symptoms.

GMS: Gastrocnemius myalgia syndrome; CD: Crohn’s disease; MDPS: Mitochondrial-derived peptides; IFX: Infliximab; ASA: Aminosalicylate; AZA: Azathioprine; PDS: Peroxydisulfate.