Current status of novel biologics and small molecule drugs in the individualized treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Summary of emerging biologics and small molecule drugs in inflammatory bowel disease treatments

Drug class	Agent	Target	Route	IBD type	Ref.
Anti-TNF	AVX470	Anti-TNF	Oral	UC	[11]
Anti-IL-23	Risankizumab	IL-23/p19 subunit	IV/SC	CD/UC	[17]
	Brazikumab	IL-23/p19 subunit	IV/SC	CD/UC	[15]
	Mirikizumab	IL-23/p19 subunit	IV/SC	CD/UC	[18]
	Guselkumab	IL-23/p19 subunit	IV/SC	CD/UC	[16]
Anti-lymphocyte trafficking	Etrolizumab	α4β7 and αEβ7 integrins	SC	CD/UC	[22]
	AJM300	α4 integrin	Oral	UC	[23]
	Ontamalimab	MAdCAM	SC	CD/UC	[38]
S1P receptor modulators	Ozanimod	S1PR1 and S1PR5	Oral	CD/UC	[24]
	Etrasimod	S1PR1, S1PR4 and S1PR5	Oral	CD/UC	[39]
JAK inhibitor	Filgotinib	JAK1	Oral	CD/UC	[27]
	Upadacitinib	JAK1	Oral	CD/UC	[28]
PDE4 inhibitor	Apremilast	PDE4	Oral	CD/UC	[30]

Anti-TNF: Anti-tumour necrosis factor; CD: Crohn’s disease; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; IL-23: Interleukin-23; IV: Intravenous; MAdCAM: Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1; PDE4: Phosphodiesterase 4; SC: Subcutaneous; SMDs: Small molecule drugs; SIP: Sphingosine-1-phosphate; UC: Ulcerative colitis.