Therapeutic endoscopy for the treatment of post-bariatric surgery complications

Table 1 Endoscopic management of bariatric complications

Surgery	Complication	Diagnosis	Management options
RYGB	Gastrojejunal anastomotic stricture	Upper GI series; Endoscopy	Endoscopic balloon dilation; Steroid injection; Needle knife radial incisions; Lumen-opposing metal stent
	Gastrogastric fistula	Upper GI series; Endoscopy	Endoscopic suturing; OTSC
	Anastomotic leaks	CT imaging; Upper GI series; Endoscopy	CSEMS; Internal drainage with pigtail stents; OTSC; Endosponge therapy; Endoscopic suturing
	Choledocholithiasis	MRCP; CT imaging; Ultrasound	Overtube-assisted ERCP; Laparoscopic-assisted ERCP; EDGE
	Weight regain	EGD-Dilated gastrojejunostomy	Stoma reduction: Endoscopic suturing; OTSC; Serial APC treatments; Radiofrequency ablation
Sleeve gastrectomy	Staple line leak	CT imaging; Upper GI series; Endoscopy	CSEMS; Internal drainage with pigtail stents; OTSC; Endosponge therapy; Endoscopic suturing
	Sleeve stenosis	Upper GI series; Endoscopy	Radial expanding balloon dilation; Pneumatic balloon dilation
LAGB	Band migration	CT imaging; Endoscopy	Mechanical lithotripter band cutting

RYGB: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; CSEMS: Covered self-expandable metallic stent; OTSC: Over-the-scope-clip; EDGE: Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; APC: Argon plasma coagulation; LAGB: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band.