Nanotheranostics: A powerful next-generation solution to tackle hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Cancer nanotheranostics

Applications	Principle	Ref.
Diagnostic and therapeutic	Stimuli responsive nanoparticle and targeted drug delivery	[61]
	Activatable nanotheranostic systems diagnosis and therapy of peritoneal metastasis	[70]
Real-time monitoring and therapeutic	Self-monitoring and triple-collaborative therapy via auto-fluorescence nanoparticles	[62]
	Real-time monitoring and tumor targeting via dual-fluorescent hydroxyapatite–doxorubicin	[71]
Guided-imaging and nanodelivery	Nanoparticle conjugated with antibody for tumor targeting and guided drug delivery	[63]
	A protein-stabilized multifunctional nanoplatform for multimodal imaging and drug-delivery	[64]
Guided-imaging and therapeutic	Dual-targeting nanotheranostic with chemosensitizing agent for MDR chemotherapy	[65]
	Multifunctional nanocarrier for fluorescence imaging guided chemo-photothermal	[66]
	Dual-modal imaging and synergistic cancer starvation/chemodynamic therapy	[68]
	Tetra-modal imaging guided photothermal therapy	[67]
	Bimodal imaging guided photothermal-triggered immunotherapy	[69]
	Hierarchical tumor acidity-responsive magnetic nanobomb photodynamic therapy	[73]
	Lipid based nanoparticles nanodelivery-anticancer drug and nanoimaging	[74]
	The self-assembly nanoparticles with guided imaging and chemotherapeutic drugs	[76]
	Biocompatible nanoparticles as targeted-nanodelivery of chemotherapeutic agent	[77]
	Dual-modality mapping guided photothermal ablation for metastatic cancer	[78]
	Magnetic nanoparticle-doxorubicin for enhancing nanoimaging and targeted therapy	[79]

MDR: Multidrug resistance.

Table 2 Nanotheranostic development againts hepatocellular carcinoma

Applications	Principle	Ref.
Diagnostic and therapeutic	Conventional SELEX	[87]
	CE-SELEX	[88]
	Magnetic nanoparticle-aptamer	[92]
Enhancing therapeutic	Inducing tumor regression using siRNA-nanoparticle construction	[100]
	Enhancing the anticancer efficacy using siRNA-nanoparticle construction	[101]
	Enhancing chemotherapy using microRNA 375-nanoparticle construction	[102]
	Synergistic antitumor effect of microRNA 375-nanoparticle construction	[103]
Diagnostic and guided-imaging	‘Activatable’ aptamer-based fluorescence probe	[104]
	Streptavidin-fluorescent silica nanoparticles combination	[105]
	Aptamer- based electrochemical biosensors	[106]
Gene editing	Next-generation CRISPR/Cas technology	[107]

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; SELEX: Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment.