Present and future management of viral hepatitis

Table 1 Main drugs under development for the treatment of hepatitis B virus (with effect from phase II)

Treatment	Mechanism of action	Country	Phase
Bulevirtide	Inhibitor of HBV entry into the hepatocyte	Germany	Phase II
VIR-2218	Silencers: Interfere and destroy viral RNA	United States	Phase II
JNJ-3989		United States	Phase II
IONIS-HBVRx (GSK3228836)	Antisense molecules: Bind to mRNA to prevent passage by viral protein	United States	Phase II
Vebicorvir	Capsid inhibitors	United States	Phase II/III
Morphothiadin		China	Phase II
JNJ 56136379		Ireland	Phase II
ABI-H2158		United States	Phase II
REP 2139	HBsAg inhibitors	Canada	Phase II
REP 2165		Canada	Phase II
NASVAC	THERAPEUTIC VACCINES: Use stimulation of the immune system as treatment	Cuba	Phase III
GS-4774		United States	Phase II
HepTcell		United States	Phase II
GS9688 (TLR-8 agonist)	TLR	United States	Phase II
GC1102	Monoclonal antibodies	Korea	Phase II
ASC22: Inhibitor PDL1	Checkpoint inhibitors: Stimulate specific T lymphocytes	China	Phase II
IMC-I109V	Other immune modulatorsT-cell receptor	United States	Phase II

Taken from Hepatitis B Foundation[7], Available from: https://www.hepb.org/treatment-and-management/drug-watch/. TLR: Toll-like receptor; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen.

Table 2 Main drugs under development for the treatment of hepatitis D virus (with effect from phase II)

Bulevirtide	Entry inhibitor	Germany	Approved in Europe
Lonafarnib	Prenylation inhibitor	United States	Phase III
REP 2139	HBsAg inhibitor	Canada	Phase II
Ezetimibe	NTCP inhibitor	Pakistan	Phase II

Taken from Hepatitis B Foundation[7], Available from: https://www.hepb.org/treatment-and-management/drug-watch/. NTCP: Sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen.