Transforming growth factor beta-1 upregulates glucose transporter 1 and glycolysis through canonical and noncanonical pathways in hepatic stellate cells

Table 1 Small interfering RNA sequences

	Forward	Reverse
siGlut1-1	5′-CACCGGGAGTGACAAAGACTTTGTTCAAGCA-3′	5′-GATCCAAAAAAGGGAGTGACAAAGACTTCTC-3′
Negative control	5′-ATCCGACTTCATAAGGCGCATGCT-3′	5′-AGTATTCCGCGTACGAAGTTCTGC-3′
	siRNA Smad4 targeting four different sequences1
	GCAAUUGAAAGUUUGGUAA, CCCACAACCUUUAGACUGA, GAAUCCAUAUCACUACGAA and GUACAGAGUUACUACUUAG
siRNA Smad2/31	Sense	Antisense
sc-37239A	CUUGCUGGAUUGAACUUCAtt	UGAAGUUCAAUCCAGCAAGtt
sc-37239B	CCGUCGUAGUAUUCAUGUAtt	UACAUGAAUACUACGACGGtt
sc-37239C	CUGACUCCUUGUUUAAUGAtt	UCAUUAAACAAGGAGUCAGtt
sc-37239D	GGAAGCUGAGAGUUAUAGAtt	UCUAUAACUCUCAGCUUCCtt

¹Purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. sc-37239: Smad2/3 siRNA (m) is a pool of four different siRNA duplexes.

Table 2 Primer sequences for real-time polymerase chain reaction

Gene	Forward sequence	Reverse sequence
HK2	5’-GGGTAGCCACGGAGTACAAA-3’	5’-TGGATTGAAAGCCAACTTCC-3’
GLUT1	5’-GCTTCTCCAACTGGACCTC-3’	5’-AAGAAGAGCACGAGGAGCAC-3’
PKM2	5’-TGGGATGGAAACTGTGAAGAG-3’	5’-CGGAGTTCCTCGAATAGCTG-3’
α-SMA	5’-AAGAGCATCCGACACTGCTGAC-3’	5’-AGCACAGCCTGAATAGCCACATAC-3’