Clinic-pathological features of metabolic associated fatty liver disease with hepatitis B virus infection

Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between metabolic associated fatty liver disease and hepatitis B virus-metabolic associated fatty liver disease groups before and after propensity score matching¹

Characteristics	Before propensity score matching				After propensity score matching
	MAFLD	HBV-MAFLD	t or χ 2	P value	MAFLD	HBV-MAFLD	t or χ2	P value
Number	58	359			58	58
Male, n (%)	35 (60.3%)	319 (88.9%)	31.652	< 0.001	35 (60.3%)	36 (62.1%)	0.036	0.849
Age in yr	41.53 ± 15.41	40.39 ± 10.08	0.548	0.586	41.53 ± 15.41	40.90 ± 11.17	0.255	0.799
BMI in kg/m2	25.24 ± 3.36	25.50 ± 2.51	-0.7	0.484	25.31 ± 3.40	24.97 ± 3.00	0.563	0.575
TC in mmoL/L	4.84 ± 1.03	4.74 ± 1.14	0.621	0.535	4.84 ± 1.03	4.77 ± 1.25	0.363	0.717
TG in mmoL/L	2.13 ± 2.32	1.59 ± 0.97	1.72	0.091	2.13 ± 2.32	1.62 ± 1.02	1.545	0.125
LDL in mmoL/L	2.85 ± 1.00	2.88 ± 0.96	-0.213	0.831	2.85 ± 1.00	2.81 ± 1.10	0.667	0.842
VLDL in mmoL/L	0.65 ± 0.51	0.49 ± 0.35	2.978	0.003	0.65 ± 0.51	0.46 ± 0.33	2.484	0.014
HDL in mmoL/L	1.13 ± 0.35	1.12 ± 0.31	0.127	0.899	1.13 ± 0.35	1.18 ± 0.29	-0.878	0.382
APOA in g/L	1.20 ± 0.30	1.18 ± 0.22	0.408	0.618	1.20 ± 0.30	1.18 ± 0.23	0.348	0.729
APOB in g/L	0.99 ± 0.25	0.96 ± 0.28	0.969	0.333	0.99 ± 0.25	0.94 ± 0.29	1.098	0.274
FPG in mmoL/L	5.44 ± 1.04	5.32 ± 1.53	0.543	0.588	5.44 ± 1.04	5.57 ± 1.94	-0.441	0.660
FFA in mmoL/L	468.21 ± 202.54	466.48 ± 200.66	0.052	0.959	468.21 ± 202.54	458.59 ± 177.92	0.295	0.769
CR in μmoL/L	67.03 ± 13.99	74.51 ± 13.39	-3.836	< 0.001	67.03 ± 13.99	70.12 ± 14.05	-1.197	0.234
BUN in mmoL/L	4.63 ± 1.43	4.79 ± 1.18	-0.885	0.377	4.63 ± 1.43	4.54 ± 0.95	0.407	0.685
UA in mmoL/L	355.81 ± 74.56	370.64 ± 83.20	-1.251	0.212	355.81 ± 74.56	367.00 ± 79.35	-0.789	0.432
ALT in U/L	119.76 ± 118.19	135.82 ± 210.31	-0.567	0.571	119.76 ± 118.19	168.60 ± 208.80	-1.55	0.125
AST in U/L	65.55 ± 63.28	71.70 ± 88.63	-0.507	0.612	65.55 ± 63.28	90.94 ± 99.46	-1.64	0.104
GGT in U/L	179.83 ± 189.39	75.13 ± 82.34	4.147	< 0.001	179.83 ± 189.39	78.93 ± 70.11	3.805	< 0.001
GFR in mL/min	136.22 ± 37.84	117.36 ± 28.91	3.63	0.01	136.22 ± 37.84	127.95 ± 34.19	1.234	0.220
Hypertension, n (%)	16 (27.6%)	26 (7.2%)	22.816	0.000	16 (27.6%)	4 (6.9%)	8.700	0.003
DM, n (%)	17 (29.3%)	65 (17.5%)	3.968	0.046	17 (29.3%)	17 (29.3%)	0.000	1.000
Low HDL-C, n (%)	28 (48.3%)	165 (46.0%)	0.108	0.743	28 (48.3%)	30 (51.7%)	0.138	0.710
Prediabetes, n (%)	21 (36.2%)	77 (21.4%)	6.050	0.014	21 (36.2%)	15 (25.9%)	1.450	0.229
Obesity, n (%)	50 (86.2%)	328 (91.4%)	1.567	0.211	50 (86.2%)	51 (87.9%)	0.077	0.782
Hypertriglyceridemia, n (%)	26 (44.8%)	109 (30.4%)	4.772	0.029	26 (44.8%)	16 (27.6%)	3.732	0.053

¹The age and sex were matched between two groups. ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; APOA: Apolipoprotein A; APOB: Apolipoprotein B; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; CR: Creatinine; DM: Diabetes mellitus; FFA: Free fatty acids; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; GFR: Glomerular filtration rate; GGT: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MAFLD: Metabolic associated fatty liver disease; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; UA: Uric acid; VLDL-C: Very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 2 Comparison of histopathological characteristics between metabolic associated fatty liver disease and hepatitis B virus-metabolic associated fatty liver disease groups

	Inflammatory stage					Fibrosis stage					Steatosis stage
	0	1	2	3	4	0	1	2	3	4	1	2	3
MAFLD; n (%)	2 (3.4)	36 (62.2)	9 (15.5)	9 (15.5)	2 (3.4)	15 (25.9)	23 (39.7)	11 (19.0)	7 (12.0)	2 (3.4)	11 (18.9)	15 (25.9)	32 (55.2)
HBV-MAFLD; n (%)	0 (0)	16 (27.6)	15 (25.9)	18 (31.0)	9 (15.5)	3 (5.2)	15 (25.9)	17 (29.3)	14 (24.1)	9 (15.5)	37 (63.8)	11 (19.0)	10 (17.2)
Z	-4.193					-4.131					-5.060
P value	< 0.001					< 0.001					< 0.001

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; MAFLD: Metabolic associated fatty liver disease.

Table 3 Odds ratio of hepatitis B virus infection for the pathological changes in metabolic associated fatty liver disease population

	Steatosis stage			Inflammatory stage			Fibrosis stage
	OR	P value	95%CI	OR	P value	95%CI	OR	P value	95%CI
Crude OR	0.169	< 0.001	0.072-0.398	3.721	0.002	1.615-8.577	3.578	0.005	1.478-8.663
Adjusted OR 1	0.157	< 0.001	0.065-0.378	4.087	0.001	1.720-9.713	3.659	0.004	1.501-8.919
Adjusted OR 2	0.088	< 0.001	0.027-0.291	4.059	0.010	1.403-11.742	3.016	0.034	1.087-8.370

Odds ratio (OR) 1 adjusts age and gender; OR 2 adjusts age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, triglyceride, total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B and free fatty acids. CI: Confidence interval.