Gastrinoma and Zollinger Ellison syndrome: A roadmap for the management between new and old therapies

Table 1 Differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea[21]

Common	Infrequent	Rare
IBS-diarrhea	Small bowel bacterial overgrowth	Small bowel enteropathies (i.e. Whipple’s disease, tropical sprue, amyloid, etc.)
Bile acid diarrhea	Mesenteric ischemia	Hypoparathyroidism
Diet (artificial sweeteners, caffeine, FODMAP malabsorption, etc.)	Lymphoma	Addison’s disease
Colonic neoplasia	Surgical causes (small bowel resection, incontinence, etc.)	Hormone secreting tumors (i.e. VIPoma, gastrinoma, carcinoid)
IBD	Chronic pancreatitis	Autonomic neuropathy
Celiac disease	Radiation enteropathy	Factitious diarrhea
Drugs (antibiotics, NSAID, etc.)	Pancreatic carcinoma	Brainerd diarrhea
Overflow diarrhea	Hyperthyroidism
	Diabetes
	Chronic infections (i.e. giardiasis)
	Cystic fibrosis

FODMAP: Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; NSAID: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.