Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis associated with long-term oral intake of geniposide

Table 1 Imaging characteristics of lesions on endoscopy and computed tomography

No. case	Endoscopic findings				CT findings
	Ileal	Ileocolic	Mucosa	Bowel wall stiffening	Bowel wall thickening			Calcification dstribution1			Luminal narrowing
		valve	color		Extended to A-colon	Extended to T-colon	Extended to L-colon	IMV	SMV	PV
1	Not performed	Not performed	Not performed	Not performed	+	-	-	+++	-	-	No
2	Not involvement	Involvement	Dark blue	+	+	+	-	+++	-	-	No
3	Not involvement	Not involvement	Mild-blue	-	+	-	-	++	-	-	No
4	Not performed	Not performed	Not performed	Not performed	+	-	-	+++	-	-	No
5	Not involvement	Involvement	Dark purple	+	+	+	-	+++	-	-	Yes
6	Not performed	Not performed	Not performed	Not performed	+	+	-	+++	-	-	No
7	Not involvement	Involvement	Dark purple	+	+	+	+	+++	+++	-	No
8	Not performed	Not performed	Not performed	Not performed	-	-	-	++	++	-	No

+: Positive; -: Negative; CT: Computed tomography; A-colon: Ascending colon; IMV: Inferior mesenteric vein; L-colon: Left colon; PV: Portal vein; SMV: Superior mesenteric vein; T-colon: Transverse colon.

¹Calcification scoring system.

Computed tomography score of idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis = bowel wall thickening score + calcification score (+ = 1 point). +: Calcifications limited to straight vein of the colon; ++: Calcifications extended to the paracolic marginal vein; +++: Calcifications extended to the main branch of mesenteric vein; ++++: Calcifications included the trunk of the mesenteric vein; –: No calcifications.

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of patients with idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis

No. case	Gender	Age	Symptom	Herb contact	Dosage of liquid medicine (mL/d)	Exposure time (yr)	Underlying disease	Treatment
1	M	59	Abdominal pain	Bi yuan-su oral liquid	30	10	Chronic rhinitis	Conservative
2	M	66	Diarrhea, positive stool occult blood	Wu chia-pee liquor	150	10	Diabetes	Conservative
3	M	69	Abdominal distention	Wu chia-pee liquor	150	10	None	Conservative
4	M	79	Positive stool occult blood	Wu chia-pee liquor	90	20	None	Conservative
5	M	80	Abdominal pain	Wu chia-pee liquor	200	30	Hypertension	Conservative
6	M	82	Abdominal pain, abdominal distention	Wu chia-pee liquor	200	35	Hypertension, hepatitis B, rheumatoid arthritis	Conservative
7	M	83	Dysuria	Wu chia-pee liquor	250	40	Hypertension, chronic nephritis	Conservative
8	M	88	Limbs numbness	Wanying die-da wine	120	5	Hypertension, prostatic cancer, arthrolithiasis	Conservative

M: Male.

Table 3 Composition of Chinese herbal liquid medicines

Name of liquid	Ingredient 1	Ingredient 2	Ingredient 3	Ingredient 4	Ingredient 5	Ingredient 6	Ingredient 7
Wu chia-pee liquor	Gardenia	Chuan xiong	Angelia dahurica	Cortex acanthopanacis	Clematis	Tetrandra root	Angelica sinensis
Wanying die-da wine	Gardenia	Chuan xiong	Angelia dahurica	Cortex acanthopanacis	Clematis	Tetrandra root	Angelica sinensis
Bi yuan-su oral liquid	Gardenia	Chuan xiong	Angelia dahurica	-	-	-	-

All 8 patients had taken one of the three Chinese herbal liquid medicines. The ingredients included in all the liquid formulations are listed.