Oral microbiome and pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants

Variables	PDAC group, n = 41	Healthy control group, n = 69	P value
Age, average ± standard error	61.17 ± 1.79	64.64 ± 1.04	0.098
Gender, n (%)
Male	24 (59)	50 (72)	0.132
Female	17 (41)	19 (28)
BMI, average ± standard error	22.76 ± 0.94	24.44 ± 0.39	< 0.0001
Smoking history, n (%)	17 (41)	37 (54)	0.217
Alcohol consumption, n (%)	16 (39)	30 (43)	0.647
Dietary habit, n (%)
Oily and fatty food	25 (61)	21 (31)	0.002
Salty food	6 (15)	8 (11)	0.664
Light diet	10 (24)	40 (58)	0.001
Chronic disease, n (%)
Hypertension	1 (2)	15 (22)	0.006
Type II diabetes	2 (5)	6 (9)	0.714
Both	3 (7)	5 (7)	1.000
Loss of weight, n (%)	23 (56)	3 (4)	0.0001
Primary cancer site, n (%)
Head	31 (76)	NA	NA
Body and tail	10
Surgery, n (%)
Pancreaticoduodenectomy	14 (34)	NA	NA
Distal pancreatectomy	6 (15)
Palliative intervention techniques	21 (51)
AJCC staging		NA	NA
I-IIB	20 (49)
III-IV	21

AJCC: American Joint Commission on Cancer; BMI: Body mass index; PDAC: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Table 2 α-diversity indices of two groups

	PDAC group, n = 41	Healthy control group, n = 69	P value
Shannon	5.14 ± 0.67	5.67 ± 0.51	0.0001
Simpson	0.90 ± 0.08	0.95 ± 0.02	0.0001
Chao1	423.48 ± 55.69	295.00 ± 54.05	0.0001
ACE	424.00 ± 55.72	293.97 ± 50.09	0.0001

PDAC: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Table 3 Flora abundance differences in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients with symptomatic phenotype

Symptoms	Microbiome	Without symptoms	With symptoms	P value
Bloating	Porphyromonas	412.0 ± 394.3	660.4 ± 461.0	0.039
	Fusobacteria	361.8 ± 184.4	490.0 ± 186.6	0.024
	Alloprevotella	99.3 ± 81.9	155.4 ± 124.1	0.041
Jaundice	Prevotella	669.4 ± 384.3	403.2 ± 310.8	0.008
Dark brown urine	Veillonella	1863.8 ± 1449.2	1018.6 ± 766.7	0.035
Vomiting	Alloprevotella	130.3 ± 100.9	91.8 ± 134.4	0.036
Diarrhea	Neisseria	1360.3 ± 1256.6	3343.3± 1829.9	0.024
	Campylobacter	74.9 ± 87.2	130.5 ± 59.7	0.034

Table 4 Oral bacteria distribution and risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma

	Odds ratio	95%CI		P value
Healthy control group	Base outcome
PDAC group
Age	0.956	0.875	1.046	0.327
BMI	0.973	0.708	1.338	0.866
Oily and fatty food	0.759	0.122	4.730	0.768
Streptococcus	5.344	1.282	22.282	0.021
Veillonella	0.187	0.055	0.631	0.007
Neisseria	0.309	0.100	0.952	0.041
Lactobacillus	0.713	0.357	1.425	0.338
Leptotrichia	6.886	1.423	33.337	0.016
Actinomyces	4.515	0.444	45.887	0.203
Haemophilus	1.185	0.513	2.738	0.691
Prevotella	0.673	0.298	1.519	0.341
Porphyromonas	0.294	0.084	1.033	0.056
Rothia	1.257	0.467	3.384	0.650
Fusobacterium	1.006	0.335	3.017	0.576

BMI: Body mass index; CI: Confidence interval; PDAC: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma.