Prostate-specific membrane antigen expression in hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and liver cirrhosis

Table 1 Clinicopathological features of liver tissues

Clinicopathological parameters		No. of cases (%)
		HCC	CCA
Total		213	203
Gender	Male	185 (86.9)	112 (55.2)
	Female	28 (13.1)	91 (44.8)
Age of diagnosis	< 50	106 (49.8)	49 (24.1)
	≥ 50	107 (50.2)	154 (75.9)
Mean (range)		50 (19-85)	57 (41-78)
Region	Country	82 (38.5)	112 (55.2)
	Urban	131 (61.5)	91 (44.8)
AFP	< 400	134 (62.9)	-
	≥ 400	79 (37.1)	-
HBsAg	+	166 (77.9)	140 (69.0)
	-	47 (22.1)	63 (31.0)
Tumor size	< 5 cm	92 (43.2)	98 (48.3)
	≥ 5 cm	121 (56.8)	105 (51.7)
Stage	pT1	9 (4.2)	14 (6.9)
	pT2	73 (34.3)	105 (51.7)
	pT3	24 (11.3)	21 (10.3)
	pT4	107 (50.2)	63 (31.0)
Nodal status	N0	190 (89.2)	182 (89.7)
	N1	23 (10.8)	21 (10.3)
Metastasis	M0	188 (88.2)	182 (89.7)
	M1	25 (11.8)	21 (10.3)
UICC stage at diagnosis	I	16 (7.5)	14 (6.9)
	II	106 (49.8)	98 (48.3)
	III	28 (13.6)	21 (10.3)
	IV	63 (29.6)	70 (34.5)
Tumor grading	I	79 (37.1)	75 (36.9)
	II	76 (35.7)	72 (35.7)
	III	58 (27.2)	56 (27.6)

Data in parenthesis are percentages except the line of “mean”. AFP: α-fetoprotein; CCA: Cholangiocellular carcinoma; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; UICC: Union for International Cancer Control.

Table 2 Standard for evaluation

Score	Stain intensity	Percent of vessels staining
0	None	0
1	Low	≤ 10%
2 (type 1)	Low	10%-50%
2 (type 2)	High	≤ 25%
3 (type 1)	Low	≥ 50%
3 (type 2)	High	> 25%

Table 3 Cells and tumor-associated neovascular endothelial cells of liver cancers compared with liver cirrhosis

		Number	PSMA expression score, n				Positive staining, n (%)
			0	1	2	3
HCC	Cells	213	187	8	16	2	26 (12.2)
	NECs	213	29	31	64	89	184 (86.4)
	Total	213	28	32	64	89	185 (86.8)
CCA	Cells	203	196	0	7	0	7 (3.4)
	NECs	203	42	42	84	35	161 (79.3)
	Total	203	42	42	84	35	161 (79.3)
Cirrhosis	Cells	30	28	2	0	0	2 (6.6)

CCA: Cholangiocellular carcinoma; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; NECs: Neovascular endothelial cells.

Table 4 Expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen in neovascularization of hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters

Clinicopathological parameters	No. of cases	Tumor PSMA-positive, n				P value
		0	1	2	3
Gender
Male	185	25	27	52	81	0.912
Female	28	4	4	12	8
Age of diagnosis
< 50	106	12	14	29	51	0.331
≥ 50	107	17	17	35	38
Mean (range)	50 (19-85)
Region
Urban	131	15	16	44	56	0.080
Country	82	14	15	20	33
AFP
< 400	134	21	18	38	57	0.254
≥ 400	79	8	13	26	32
HBsAg
+	166	24	23	49	70	0.990
-	47	5	8	15	19
Tumor size
< 5 cm	92	14	10	23	45	0.552
≥ 5 cm	121	15	21	41	44
Stage
pT1	9	1	2	4	2	0.812
pT2	73	19	15	18	54
pT3	24	2	4	6	12
pT4	107	7	10	36	21
Nodal status
N0	190	27	24	58	82	0.466
N1	23	2	7	6	7
Metastasis
M0	188	23	31	57	77	0.136
M1	25	6	0	7	12
UICC stage at diagnosis
I-II	122	25	17	37	43	0.001a, r = 0.226
III-IV	91	4	14	27	46
Tumor grading
I	79	17	8	17	37	0.004a, r = 0.224
II	76	11	7	25	33
III	58	1	16	22	19
All case	213	29	31	64	89

^aP < 0.01. AFP: α-fetoprotein; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; PSMA: Prostate-specific membrane antigen; r: Spearman r; UICC: Union for International Cancer Control.

Table 5 Expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen in neovascularization of cholangiocellular carcinoma and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters

Clinicopathological parameters	No. of cases	Tumor PSMA-positive, n				P value
		0	1	2	3
Gender
Male	112	24	13	46	29	0.773
Female	91	18	29	38	6
Age of diagnosis
< 50	49	8	22	6	13	0.387
≥ 50	154	34	20	78	22
Mean (range)	57 (41-78)
Region
Urban	91	16	23	47	5	0.325
Country	112	26	19	37	30
HBsAg
+	140	29	26	69	16	0.990
-	63	13	16	15	19
Tumor size
< 5 cm	98	23	27	30	18	0.178
≥ 5 cm	105	19	15	54	17
Stage
pT1	14	5	3	4	2	0.293
pT2	105	23	21	49	12
pT3	21	5	5	7	4
pT4	63	9	13	24	17
Nodal status
N0	182	36	39	74	33	0.346
N1	21	6	3	10	2
Metastasis
M0	182	37	40	76	29	0.709
M1	21	5	2	8	6
UICC stage at diagnosis
I-II	112	32	26	38	16	0.002a, r = 0.211
III-IV	91	10	16	46	19
Tumor grading
I	75	24	18	28	5	0.001a, r = 0.253
II	72	15	18	35	6
III	56	3	6	21	5
All case	203	42	42	84	35

^aP < 0.01. HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; PSMA: Prostate-specific membrane antigen; r: Spearman r; UICC: Union for International Cancer Control.