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©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 21, 2020; 26(31): 4680-4693
Published online Aug 21, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i31.4680
Published online Aug 21, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i31.4680
Table 1 Basic clinical factors and computed tomography characteristics of the patients
Variable | Statistics, n (%) |
Gender | |
Male | 53 (69) |
Female | 24 (31) |
Median age (yr)1 | 64 (42-78) |
Morphological subtype | |
Medullary type | 34 (44) |
Mushroom type | 31 (40) |
Ulcer type | 12 (16) |
Narrowing type | 18 (23) |
Tumor length (mm)1 | 39.9 (10-118.9) |
Tumor location | |
Upper segment esophagus | 5 (6) |
Middle segment esophagus | 45 (58) |
Lower segment esophagus | 27 (35) |
Clinical symptom | |
Progressive dysphagia | 48 (62) |
Abdominal/retrosternal pain | 15 (20) |
Loss of appetite | 12 (15) |
Fever | 2 (3) |
Immunohistochemical result | |
CK | 57 (74) |
CgA | 25 (32) |
Syn | 63 (82) |
NSE | 22 (29) |
Ki-67 (%)1 | 80 (40-95) |
Thickness of esophageal tumor wall (mm)1 | 11 (2-27.93) |
Treatment strategy | |
Esophagectomy only | 9 (12) |
Chemotherapy | 1 (1) |
Chemo radiotherapy | 1 (1) |
Postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy | 67 (87) |
Progression-free survival (mo)1 | 6.2 (0.3-45) |
Overall survival (mo)1 | 12.6 (0.9-64.8) |
Table 2 Univariate analysis of clinical factors and computed tomography characteristics of the patients
Variable | n | PFS | OS | ||||||
Median (mo) | 95%CI | χ2 | P value | Median (mo) | 95%CI | χ2 | P value | ||
Gender | 1.647 | 0.199 | 2.417 | 0.12 | |||||
Male | 53 | 21.5 | 7-36 | 36 | 22-50 | ||||
Female | 24 | 15.3 | 8-22.6 | 20.5 | 10.8-30.1 | ||||
Age | 0.029 | 0.865 | 0.007 | 0.932 | |||||
< 64 yr | 35 | 15 | 14-16 | 27.7 | 6.1-49.3 | ||||
≥ 64 yr | 42 | 28.8 | 5-52.6 | 28.8 | 13.3-44.3 | ||||
Tumor length | 1.257 | 0.262 | 2.551 | 0.11 | |||||
< 40 mm | 41 | 21.5 | 12.8-30.2 | 45 | 13.4-76.6 | ||||
≥ 40 mm | 36 | 15 | 3.8-26.2 | 20.5 | 0-43.1 | ||||
Ki-67 | 0.035 | 0.851 | 0.001 | 0.977 | |||||
< 80% | 20 | 15.3 | 10.3-20.3 | 28.8 | 12.6-45 | ||||
≥ 80% | 57 | 15 | 4.1-26 | 32 | 17.4-46.6 | ||||
T stage | 0.351 | 0.554 | 0.46 | 0.498 | |||||
cT1-2 | 33 | 20.5 | 11.6-29.5 | 28.8 | 5.6-52 | ||||
cT3-4 | 44 | 15.3 | 3.3-27.3 | 27.7 | 10.4-45 | ||||
N stage | 2.708 | 0.1 | 3.876 | 0.04a | |||||
Absent | 30 | 21.5 | 18.8-24.2 | 40.6 | 14.9-66.3 | ||||
Present | 47 | 15 | 5.9-24.1 | 20.5 | 1-40 | ||||
M stage | 0.862 | 0.353 | 2.974 | 0.085 | |||||
Absent | 49 | 15.3 | 5.6-25 | 20.5 | 12.4-28.6 | ||||
Present | 28 | 15 | 0-33.2 | 36 | 28.5-43.5 | ||||
Tumor location | 0.148 | 0.929 | 1.642 | 0.44 | |||||
Upper segment | 5 | 28.8 | 2.9-38.8 | 28.8 | 16.2-41.4 | ||||
Middle segment | 45 | 20.5 | 8.3-32.7 | 21.5 | 6.2-36.8 | ||||
Lower segment | 27 | 15.3 | 0-41.6 | 36 | 12.2-59.8 | ||||
Morphological subtype | 3.29 | 0.349 | 5.285 | 0.152 | |||||
Medullary type | 34 | 15.3 | 0-37.9 | 28.8 | 2.7-54.9 | ||||
Mushroom type | 31 | 40.6 | 2-79.2 | 40.6 | 3.6-77.6 | ||||
Ulcer type | 12 | 21.5 | 0-47.3 | 21.5 | 0-44 | ||||
Narrowing type | 18 | 15 | 13.3-16.7 | 20.5 | 6.5-34.5 | ||||
Wall thickness | 0.294 | 0.588 | 3.041 | 0.081 | |||||
< 11 mm | 38 | 20.5 | 12-29 | 28.8 | 2.9-54.7 | ||||
≥ 11 mm | 39 | 15 | 0-32.6 | 27.7 | 4.7-50.7 | ||||
Surgery | 0.008 | 0.928 | 0.037 | 0.847 | |||||
Performed | 47 | 21.5 | 10.3-32.7 | 27.7 | 12.2-43.3 | ||||
None | 30 | 15 | 6.4-23.6 | 32 | 11.4-52.6 | ||||
Adjuvant chemotherapy | 20.057 | < 0.001a | 4.465 | 0.035a | |||||
Performed | 67 | 20.5 | 12.5-28.5 | 32 | 18.6-45.4 | ||||
None | 10 | 2 | 0-4.2 | 4 | 0-9.8 | ||||
Tumor margin | 0.006 | 0.941 | 0.195 | 0.658 | |||||
Well-defined | 67 | 20.5 | 12.5-28.5 | 27.7 | 15.6-39.8 | ||||
Ill-defined | 10 | 14.3 | 0-29.4 | 23.9 | 16.2-41.4 | ||||
Necrosis | 0.14 | 0.708 | 0.207 | 0.649 | |||||
Absent | 72 | 20.5 | 12.2-28.8 | 27.7 | 15.2-40.2 | ||||
Present | 5 | 15 | 0-35.4 | 20.8 | 16.2-41.4 | ||||
Enhanced homogeneity | 0.503 | 0.478 | 0.006 | 0.94 | |||||
Homogeneous | 7 | 20.5 | 12.3-28.7 | 28.8 | 16-41.6 | ||||
Heterogeneous | 70 | 15 | 3.6-26.4 | 18.4 | 16.2-41.4 | ||||
Degree of enhancement | 5.114 | 0.078 | 4.968 | 0.042a | |||||
Mild enhancement | 12 | 14.7 | 5.1-24.3 | 15.3 | 0.5-30.1 | ||||
Moderate enhancement | 30 | 28.7 | 16-41.5 | 32 | 0-64 | ||||
Marked enhancement | 35 | 28.8 | 9.6-48 | 43 | 22.7-63.3 |
Table 3 Multivariate analysis of clinical factors and computed tomography characteristics of the patients
Variable | B | Wald | P value | HR | 95%CI |
PFS | |||||
Adjuvant chemotherapy (Performed vs none) | 1.861 | 15.075 | < 0.001 | 6.432 | 2.514-16.485 |
OS | |||||
N stage (Absent vs present) | -0.853 | 5.079 | 0.024 | 0.426 | 0.203-0.895 |
Adjuvant chemotherapy (Performed vs none) | 1.351 | 7.658 | 0.006 | 3.862 | 1.483-10.058 |
Degree of enhancement (Mild vs moderate/marked) | 0.774/-0.212 | 6.581 | 0.037 | 2.169/0.809 | 0.827-5.689/0.285-2.296 |
Table 4 Association of clinical factors and computed tomography characteristics
Variable | Adjuvant chemotherapy | Variable | Degree of enhancement | Variable | N stage | |||||||
Performed | None | P value | Mild | Moderate | Marked | P value | Absent | Present | P value | |||
Gender | 0.933 | Gender | 0.677 | Gender | 0.862 | |||||||
Male | 46 (66) | 7 (70) | Male | 25 (71) | 4 (36) | 24 (77) | Male | 21 (70) | 32 (68) | |||
Female | 24 (34) | 3 (30) | Female | 10 (29) | 7 (64) | 7 (23) | Female | 9 (30) | 15 (32) | |||
Age | 0.299 | Age | 0.431 | Age | 0.769 | |||||||
< 64 yr | 32 (48) | 3 (30) | < 64 yr | 18 (51) | 4 (36) | 13 (42) | < 64 yr | 13 (43) | 22 (47) | |||
≥ 64 yr | 35 (52) | 7 (70) | ≥ 64 yr | 17 (49) | 7 (64) | 18 (58) | ≥ 64 yr | 17 (57) | 25 (53) | |||
Tumor length | Tumor length | 0.352 | Tumor length | 0.018a | ||||||||
< 40 mm | 37 (55) | 4 (40) | 0.375 | < 40 mm | 20 (57) | 7 (64) | 14 (45) | < 40 mm | 21 (70) | 20 (43) | ||
≥ 40 mm | 30 (45) | 6 (60) | ≥ 40 mm | 15 (43) | 4 (36) | 17 (55) | ≥ 40 mm | 9 (30) | 27 (57) | |||
T stage | 0.243 | T stage | 0.839 | T stage | 0.003a | |||||||
cT1-2 | 27 (40) | 6 (60) | cT1-2 | 15 (43) | 5 (45) | 13 (42) | cT1-2 | 19 (63) | 14 (30) | |||
cT3-4 | 40 (60) | 4 (40) | cT3-4 | 20 (57) | 6 (55) | 18 (58) | cT3-4 | 11 (37) | 33 (70) | |||
N stage | 0.942 | N stage | 0.942 | M stage | < 0.001a | |||||||
Absent | 26 (39) | 4 (40) | Absent | 14 (47) | 5 (45) | 11 (35) | Absent | 27 (90) | 22 (47) | |||
Present | 41 (61) | 6 (60) | Present | 21 (45) | 6 (55) | 20 (65) | Present | 3 (10) | 25 (53) | |||
M stage | 0.132 | M stage | 0.255 | Wall thickness | 0.015a | |||||||
Absent | 40 (60) | 9 (90) | Absent | 25 (71) | 6 (55) | 18 (58) | < 11 mm | 20 (67) | 18 (38) | |||
Present | 27 (40) | 1 (10) | Present | 10 (29) | 5 (45) | 13 (42) | ≥ 11 mm | 10 (33) | 29 (62) | |||
Wall thickness | 0.532 | Wall thickness | 0.029a | Surgery | 0.203 | |||||||
< 11 mm | 34 (61) | 4 (40) | < 11 mm | 20 (57) | 9 (82) | 9 (29) | Performed | 9 (30) | 21 (45) | |||
≥ 11 mm | 33 (39) | 6 (60) | ≥ 11 mm | 15 (43) | 2 (18) | 22 (71) | None | 21 (70) | 26 (55) | |||
Enhanced homogeneity | 0.916 | Enhanced homogeneity | 0.122 | Enhanced homogeneity | 0.165 | |||||||
Homogeneous | 6 (9) | 1 (10) | Homogeneous | 5 (14) | 1 (9) | 1 (3) | Homogeneous | 1 (3) | 6 (13) | |||
Heterogeneous | 61 (91) | 9 (90) | Heterogeneous | 30 (86) | 10 (91) | 30 (97) | Heterogeneous | 29 (97) | 41 (87) | |||
Degree of enhancement | 0.018a | Surgery | 0.91 | Degree of enhancement | 0.726 | |||||||
Mild | 12 (18) | 0 | Performed | 21 (60) | 7 (64) | 19 (61) | Mild | 5 (16) | 6 (12) | |||
Moderate | 22 (33) | 8 (80) | None | 14 (40) | 4 (36) | 12 (39) | Moderate | 11 (37) | 20 (43) | |||
Marked | 33 (49) | 2 (20) | Marked | 14 (47) | 21 (45) |
- Citation: Zhou Y, Hou P, Zha KJ, Wang F, Zhou K, He W, Gao JB. Prognostic value of pretreatment contrast-enhanced computed tomography in esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A multi-center follow-up study. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26(31): 4680-4693
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v26/i31/4680.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i31.4680