Enhancement parameters of contrast-enhanced computed tomography for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Correlation with pathologic grading

Table 1 Distribution of patient characteristics, lesion size and location

	WD group (n = 13)	MD group (n = 21)	PD group (n = 8)	P value
Age, mean ± SD	61.69 ± 10.13	64.85 ± 11.95	55.25 ± 10.17	0.051
Sex				0.542
Male	8	12	3
Female	5	9	5
Size, mean ± SD	2.75 ± 1.61	2.95 ± 0.91	4.23 ± 3.62	0.114
Location				0.076
Head and uncinate process	10	17	3
Body and neck	3	4	4
Tail	0	0	1

Data are presented as mean ± SD. WD: Well-differentiated; MD: Moderately differentiated; PD: Poorly differentiated.

Table 2 Diagnostic performance of computed tomography parameters for the prediction of pathological grading

	WD-MD (n = 34) vs PD (n = 8)				WD (n = 13) vs MD-PD (n = 8)
	Az	SD	P value	95%CI	Az	SD	P value	95%CI
TARarterial	0.71	0.101	0.467	0.549 - 0.839	0.509	0.107	0989	0.351 - 0.667
TARpancreatic	0.654	0.112	0.742	0.492 - 0.794	0.512	0.0993	0.196	0.353 - 0.669
TAF	0.757	0.102	0.428	0.601 - 0.876	0.692	0.0829	0.093	0.531 - 0.825

Data are presented as mean ± SD (median). CT: Computed tomography; WD: Well-differentiated; MD: Moderately differentiated; PD: Poorly differentiated group; TAR_arterial and TAR_pancreatic: Tumor-to-aorta enhancement ratio in the arterial and pancreatic phases; TAF: Tumor-to-aortic enhancement fraction.

Table 3 Differences in computed tomography parameters among the well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated group groups

	WD (n = 13)	MD (n = 21)	PD (n = 8)	P value
VTarterial	69.01 ± 25.16 (64.22)	75.23 ± 19.69 (75.41)	59.80 ± 29.47 (56.30)	0.145
VTpancreatic	85.34 ± 23.20 (76.08)	90.58 ± 21.99 (90.58)	73.19 ± 39.88 (69.01)	0.184
VAarterial	280.71 ± 66.66 (262.74)	290.37 ± 61.12 (279.38)	320.04 ± 86.26 (311.20)	0.496
VApancreatic	201.73 ± 55.81 (200.00)	200.85 ± 43.82 (209.44)	188.28 ± 46.94 (195.43)	0.683
DT	16.32 ± 6.48 (13.65)	15.34 ± 8.06 (13.97)	13.39 ± 13.25 (10.16)	0.678
DA	78.98 ± 49.68 (61.54)	89.51 ± 34.84 (91.01)	131.76 ± 58.68 (120.79)	0.077
TARarterial	0.26 ± 0.12 (0.23)	0.27 ± 0.09 (0.25)	0.19 ± 0.07 (0.20)	0.164
TARpancreatic	0.45 ± 0.16 (0.36)	0.48 ± 0.17 (0.47)	0.37 ± 0.12 (0.38)	0.339
TAF	0.28 ± 0.24 (0.19)	0.19 ± 0.12 (0.17)	0.10 ± 0.08 (0.10)	0.034

Data are presented as mean ± SD (median). WD: Well-differentiated; MD: Moderately differentiated group; PD: Poorly differentiated group; VT_arterial and VT_pancreatic: Attenuation value of the tumor in the arterial and pancreatic phases, respectively; VA_arterial and VA_pancreatic: Attenuation value of the aorta in the arterial and pancreatic phases, respectively; DT and DA: Degree of tumor enhancement and aortic washout between the arterial and pancreatic phases, respectively; TAR_arterial and TAR_pancreatic: Tumor-to-aorta enhancement ratio in arterial and pancreatic phases, respectively; TAF: Tumor-to-aortic enhancement fraction.