Folic acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis via deacetylase SIRT1-dependent restoration of PPARα

Table 1 Primer sequences for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction

Gene name	Forward sequence	Reverse sequence
TNF-α	TGCCTCAGCCTCTTCTCATT	GAGCCCATTTGGGAACTTCT
IL-6	AGTTGCCTTCTTGGGACTGA	CCTCCGACTTGTGAAGTGGT
IL-1β	GAAGTCAAGACCAAAGTGG	TGAAGTCAACTATGTCCCG
CCR2	CACCGTATGACTATGATGATG	CAGGAGAGCAGGTCAGAGAT
p47phox	GCCCAAAGATGGCAAGAATA	ATGACCTCAATGGCTTCACC
p67phox	AGCAGAAGAGCAGTTAGCATTGG	TGCTTTCCATGGCCTTGTC
p22phox	GTAGATGCCGCTCGCAATGGCCAG	ATGGGGCAGATCGAGTGGGCCATGT
gp91phox	CTGAGCGAATTGTACGTG	CTTATCACAGCCACAAGC
αSMA	TGTGCTATGTCGCTCTGGAC	CCAATGAAAGATGGCTG GAA
TGFβ1	ATTCCTGGCGTTACCTTGG	AGCCCTGTATTCCGTCTCCT
Col1a1	TGTTCAGCTTTGTGGACCT	CAGCTGACTTCAGGGATGT
Col2a1	ACCTCAGGGTGTTCAAGGTG	CGGATTCCAATAGGACCAGA
Col3a1	GGTGGCTTTCAGTTCAGCTATG	GTCTTGCTCCATTCACCAGTGT
MAT1A	CAATGTGCTCGTGGCTCTGGAG	TCCTCTGTCTCGTCAGTGGCATAG
ALDH1L1	GCACGGCTCCATCATCTACCATC	GTCATCTGGAAGCACCTCACACTC
SREBP1c	CCAGCCTTTGAGGATAACCA	TGCAGGTCAGACACAGGAAG
SCD	AGCTGGTGATGTTCCAGAGG	CAAGAAGGTGCTGACGAACA
ACACA	GAATATCCAGATGGCCGAGA	CCTTCTGCTCTGGCAAGTTC
FASN	GCCTAACACCTCTGTGCAGT	GGCAATACCCGTTCCCTGAA
PPARγ	ACAAGAGCTGACCCAATGGT	GGCTCTTCATGTGGCCTGTT
ACADL	ACTCCGCCTCCGCTTCCATG	TACCACCGTAGATCGGCTGAACTC
FABP1	GTCTGCCTGAGGACCTCATCCAG	TCATGGTCTCCAGTTCGCACTCC
CPT1α	CCACGAAGCCCTCAAACAGA	CACACCCACCACCACGATAA
FATP2	CACGACAGAGTTGGAGACACCTTC	CCGATGCGACCTTCATGACCTG

TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; IL: Interleukin; CCR2: Chemokine receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 2; αSMA: α-smooth muscle actin; TGFβ1: Transforming growth factor beta 1; Col1a1: Collagen type I alpha 1; Col2a1: Collagen type II alpha 1; Col3a1: Collagen type III alpha 1; MAT1A: Methionine adenosyltransferase 1A; SREBP1c: Sterol regulatory element binding transcription protein 1c; SCD: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase; ACACA: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; FASN: Fatty acid synthase; PPARγ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; ACADL: Long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; FABP1: Fatty acid binding protein 1; CPT1α: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A; FATP2: Fatty acid transport protein 2.

Table 2 Serological lipid metabolism indexes in each group

	Control	HFD	Folic acid
ALT (U/L)	38.50 ± 1.58	134.0 ± 8.02b	82.13 ± 7.19d
AST (U/L)	88.00 ± 4.39	225.4 ± 10.57b	176.3 ± 15.3d
FBG (mmol/L)	10.45 ± 0.66	13.33 ± 0.40b	7.83 ± 0.30d
TG (mmol/L)	0.57 ± 0.04	0.76 ± 0.04b	0.44 ± 0.02d
TC (mmol/L)	1.13 ± 0.04	2.26 ± 0.12b	1.48 ± 0.04d
HDL (mmol/L)	0.94 ± 0.03	0.75 ± 0.05b	0.74 ± 0.04
LDL (mmol/L)	0.24 ± 0.02	1.37 ± 0.10b	0.89 ± 0.03d
TBA (µmol/L)	37.5 ± 5.57	68 ± 7.49b	44.17 ± 3.92c
Hcy (µmol/L)	7.35 ± 0.29	13.05 ± 0.52b	11.17 ± 0.42d

The data are expressed as the mean ± SE (n = 5-8).

^bP < 0.01 vs Control group.

^cP < 0.05 vs HFD group.

^dP < 0.01 vs HFD group. HFD: High-fat diet; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; FBG: Fast blood glucose; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total serum cholesterol; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; TBA: Total bile acids; Hcy: Homocysteine.