Update on quinolone-containing rescue therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection

Table 1 Levofloxacin-containing therapies

Ref.	Country/ Region	X-line	Publication year	Drug combination (per day)	Duration (d)	Eradication rate (%)
						ITT	PP
Wong et al[36]	China	2nd and more	2003	LVFX 500 mg + RBT 300 mg + RPZ 40 mg	7	91.1	91.1
Zullo et al[37]	Italy	3rd	2003	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + RPZ 40 mg	10	83.3	88.2
Nista et al[38]	Italy	2nd	2003	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + RPZ 40 mg	10	94.3	94.3
Perri et al[39]	Italy	2nd	2003	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + PPZ 80 mg	7	63.8	66.1
Watanabe et al[40]	Japan	2nd	2003	LVFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + LPZ 60 mg	7	69.7	69.7
Bilardi et al[41]	Italy	2nd and more	2004	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + PPZ 80 mg	10	70.5	75.6
Matsumoto et al[42]	Japan	2nd	2005	LVFX 600 mg + AMX 2000 mg + LPZ 60 mg	7	70.0	72.4
Wong et al[43]	China	2nd and more	2006	LVFX 1000 mg + AMX 2000 mg + LPZ 60 mg	7	57.4	59.6
Gisbert et al[44]	Spain	3rd	2006	LVFX 1000 mg + AMX 2000 mg + OPZ 40 mg	10	60.0	66.3
Perna et al[45]	Italy	2nd	2007	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + RPZ 40 mg	10	72.7	72.7
Gisbert et al[46]	Spain	2nd	2008	LVFX 1000 mg + AMX 2000 mg + OPZ 40 mg	10	77.3	81.4
Di Caro et al[47]	Italy	2nd	2009	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 40 mg	7	65.0	65.0
Di Caro et al[47]	Italy	2nd	2009	LVFX 1000 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 40 mg	7	70.0	70.0
Di Caro et al[47]	Italy	2nd	2009	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 40 mg	10	90.0	90.0
Di Caro et al[47]	Italy	2nd	2009	LVFX 1000 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 40 mg	10	85.0	85.0
Liou et al[48]	Taiwan	2nd	2010	LVFX 750 mg + AMX 2000 mg + LPZ 60 mg	7	76.9	80.0
Liou et al[49]	Taiwan	2nd	2011	Modified sequential regimen1	10	95.1	96.4
Hu et al[50]	Taiwan	2nd	2011	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 80 mg	7	68.9	75.6
Ermis et al[51]	Turkey	2nd	2011	LVFX 1000 mg + AMX 2000 mg + LPZ 60 mg	7	37.8	41.2
Goh et al[52]	Malaysia	2nd	2012	LVFX 1000 mg + AMX 2000 mg + RPZ 40 mg	14	90.3	90.3
Chuah et al[53]	Taiwan	2nd	2012	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 80 mg	7	78.1	80.3
Gisbert et al[54]	Spain	2nd	2013	LVFX 1000 mg + AMX 2000 mg + OPZ 40 mg	10	73.8	75.1
Calhan et al[55]	Turkey	2nd	2013	Modified sequential regimen2	12	82.2	85.7
Calhan et al[55]	Turkey	2nd	2013	LVFX 500 mg + TET 2000 mg + PPZ 80 mg + bismuth 1200 mg	10	90.6	93.1
Moon et al[56]	South Korea	2nd	2013	LVFX 500 mg + MTZ 1500 mg + LPZ 60 mg	7	67.9	73.1
Tai et al[57]	Taiwan	2nd	2013	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 80 mg	10	68.0	75.6
Tai et al[57]	Taiwan	2nd	2013	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 80 mg	14	86.0	92.5
Murakami et al[58]	Japan	3rd	2013	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 1500 mg + LPZ 60 mg	7	43.1	43.7
Gisbert et al[59]	Spain	2nd	2015	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 80 mg + bismuth 480 mg	14	90.0	91.1
Cao et al[60]	China	2nd	2015	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + LPZ 60 mg + bismuth 480 mg	14	83.0	85.4
Paoluzi et al[61]	Italy	3rd	2015	LVFX 1000 mg + DOXY 200 mg + EPZ 40 mg	7	46.0	49.0
Liou et al[62]	Taiwan	2nd	2016	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + LPZ 60 mg	10	75.3	78.8
Liou et al[62]	Taiwan	2nd	2016	Modified sequential regimen3	10	84.3	86.3
Song et al[63]	China	2nd	2016	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 40 mg + bismuth 440 mg	14	73.5	78.5
Hsu et al[64]	Taiwan	2nd	2017	LVFX 500 mg + TET 2000 mg + EPZ 80 mg + bismuth 480 mg	10	98.0	97.8
Hsu et al[64]	Taiwan	2nd	2017	LVFX 500 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 80 mg	10	69.2	68.6

¹Esomeprazole 80 mg and amoxicillin 2 g for the first 5 d, followed by esomeprazole 80 mg, levofloxacin 500 mg and metronidazole 1000 mg for another 5 d.

²Pantoprazole 80 mg and amoxicillin 2 g for the first 5 d, followed by pantoprazole 80 mg, metronidazole 1500 mg and levofloxacin 500 mg for another 7 d.

³Lansoprazole 60 mg and amoxicillin 2 g for the first 5 d, followed by lansoprazole 60 mg, levofloxacin 500 mg and metronidazole 1000 mg for another 5 d. ITT: Intention-to-treat; PP: Per Protocol; LVFX: Levofloxacin; RBT: Rifabutin; AMX: Amoxicillin; RPZ: Rabeprazole; PPZ: Pantoprazole; LPZ: Lansoprazole; OPZ: Omeprazole; EPZ: Esomeprazole; TET: Tetracycline; MTZ: Metronidazole; DOXY: Doxycycline.

Table 2 Moxifloxacin-containing therapies

Ref.	Country	X-line	Publication year	Drug combination (per day)	Duration (d)	Eradication rate (%)
						ITT	PP
Cheon et al[70]	South Korea	2nd	2006	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + RPZ 40 mg	7	75.6	83.8
Kang et al[71]	South Korea	2nd	2007	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 40 mg	10	71.9	82.6
Bago et al[72]	Croatia	2nd	2009	MOFX 400 mg + MTZ 1500 mg + OPZ 40 mg	7	73.2	78.9
Yoon et al[73]	South Korea	2nd	2009	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 40 mg	7	75.6	83.8
Yoon et al[73]	South Korea	2nd	2009	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 40 mg	10	71.9	82.6
Yoon et al[73]	South Korea	2nd	2009	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 40 mg	14	68.0	79.9
Miehlke et al[74]	Germany	2nd and more	2011	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 40 mg	7	78.9	78.9
Miehlke et al[74]	Germany	2nd and more	2011	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 40 mg	14	95.0	94.4
Kang et al[75]	South Korea	2nd	2014	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + RPZ 20 mg	7	58.0	62.5
Kang et al[75]	South Korea	2nd	2014	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + RPZ 20 mg	14	71.8	77.5
Chung et al[77]	South Korea	2nd	2014	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + RPZ 40 mg	7	62.7	62.7
Lee et al[76]	South Korea	2nd	2015	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + PPI	7	53.1	55.6
Lee et al[76]	South Korea	2nd	2015	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + PPI	14	73.5	80.6
Hwang et al[78]	South Korea	2nd	2015	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + RPZ 40 mg	7	70.8	77.7
Hwang et al[78]	South Korea	2nd	2015	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + RPZ 40 mg	14	81.4	90.4
Lim et al[79]	South Korea	2nd	2015	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + RPZ 40 mg	7	56.7	59.6
Lim et al[79]	South Korea	2nd	2015	MOFX 400 mg + AMX 2000 mg + RPZ 40 mg	14	76.3	80.6
Marušić et al[81]	Croatia	2nd	2017	MOFX 400 mg + MTZ 1000 mg + Bismuth 480 mg + PPZ 80 mg	14	80.6	88.0

ITT: Intention-to-treat; PP: Per protocol; MOFX: Moxifloxacin; AMX: Amoxicillin; RPZ: Rabeprazole; EPZ: Esomeprazole; OPZ: Omeprazole; PPI: Proton pump inhibitors; PPZ: Pantoprazole; MTZ: Metronidazole.

Table 3 Sitafloxacin-containing therapies

Ref.	Country	X-line	Publication year	Drug combination (per day)	Duration (d)	Eradication rate (%)
						ITT	PP
Matsuzaki et al[8]	Japan	3rd	2012	STFX 200 mg + AMX 2000 mg + RPZ 40 mg	7	78.2	83.6
Murakami et al[58]	Japan	3rd	2013	STFX 200 mg + AMX 1500 mg + LPZ 60 mg	7	70.0	72.1
Furuta et al[86]	Japan	3rd	2014	STFX 200 mg + AMX 2000 mg + RPZ 20-40 mg	7	84.1	86.4
Furuta et al[86]	Japan	3rd	2014	STFX 200 mg + AMX 2000 mg + RPZ 20-40 mg	14	88.9	90.9
Furuta et al[86]	Japan	3rd	2014	STFX 200 mg + MTZ 500 mg + RPZ 20-40 mg	7	90.9	90.9
Furuta et al[86]	Japan	3rd	2014	STFX 200 mg + MTZ 500 mg + RPZ 20-40 mg	14	87.2	91.1
Mori et al[9]	Japan	3rd	2015	STFX 200 mg + AMX 2000 mg + EPZ 40 mg	10	81.0	82.0
Mori et al[9]	Japan	3rd	2015	STFX 200 mg + MTZ 500 mg + EPZ 40 mg	10	72.4	76.4
Sue et al[87]	Japan	3rd	2019	STFX 200 mg + AMX 1500 mg + PPI	7	53.3	57.1
Sue et al[87]	Japan	3rd	2019	STFX 200 mg + AMX 1500 mg + VPZ 40 mg	7	75.8	83.3

ITT: Intention-to-treat; PP: Per Protocol; STFX: Sitafloxacin; AMX: Amoxicillin; RPZ: Rabeprazole; LPZ: Lansoprazole; EPZ: Esomeprazole; MTZ: Metronidazole; PPI: Proton pump inhibitors; VPZ: Vonoprazan.