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©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 21, 2019; 25(31): 4512-4533
Published online Aug 21, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i31.4512
Published online Aug 21, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i31.4512
Table 1 Age-standardized incidence rates of esophageal cancer (ICD-O-3 C.15) in selected African countries[18]
| Age-standardized incidence rate (cases/year/100000 pop) | ||
| Country (period covered) | Males | Females |
| Algeria, Setif (2008-2011) | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| Algeria, Batna (2008-2012) | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Benin, Cotonou (2013-2015) | 6.9 | 3.6 |
| Botswana (2005-2008) | 11.4 | 3.9 |
| Congo, Brazzaville (2009-2013) | 0.5 | 0.1 |
| Côte d´Ivoire, Abidjan (2012-2013) | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Ethiopia, Addis Ababa (2012-2013) | 2.2 | 3.8 |
| The Gambia (2007-2011) | 1.0 | 0.5 |
| Guinea, Conakry (2001-2010) | 0.8 | 0.1 |
| Kenya, Eldoret (2008-2011) | 28.7 | 17.1 |
| Kenya, Nairobi (2007-2011) | 14.1 | 14.0 |
| Malawi, Blantyre (2009-2010) | 30.3 | 19.4 |
| Mali, Bamako (2010-2014) | 2.6 | 2.7 |
| Mauritius (2010-2012) | 3.2 | 1.0 |
| Mozambique, Beira (2009-2013) | 5.5 | 3.3 |
| Niger, Niamey (2006-2009) | 1.2 | 0.2 |
| Nigeria, Abuja (2013) | 0.7 | 0.0 |
| Nigeria, Calabar (2009-2013) | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Nigeria, Ibadan (2006-2009) | 1.0 | 0.4 |
| Namibia (2009) | 2.4 | 0.1 |
| Seychelles (2009-2012) | 7.5 | 1.9 |
| South Africa, Eastern Cape (2008-2012) | 23.8 | 14.6 |
| South Africa: National Cancer Registry of South Africa (2007) | 6.2 | 3.1 |
| Uganda, Kampala (2008-2012) | 22.9 | 12.1 |
| Zimbabwe, Bulawayo: Black population (2011-2013) | 23.8 | 10.3 |
| Zimbabwe, Harare: Black population (2010-2012) | 16.4 | 13.1 |
Table 2 Summary of studies from systematic review
| SA | Ken | Uga | Zim | Mal | Sud | Nig | Tan | Zam | Egy | Moz | Sen | Bot | Gha | Eth | Multi | |
| Studies on epidemiology (n = 48) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total number of studies per country | 13 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | 1 |
| Number of studies in cities/provinces | 8 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Studies on risk factors (n = 37) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total number of studies per country | 18 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | 2 | 1 | – |
| Number of studies on tobacco consumption | 10 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | – | – | 1 | 2 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | – |
| Number of studies on alcohol consumption | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – |
| Studies on management and outcomes (n = 34) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total number of studies per country | 18 | 3 | – | – | 1 | 2 | 1 | – | – | 7 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
| Number of studies that report on chemotherapy | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Number of studies that report on radiotherapy | 3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
| Number of studies that report on chemoradiotherapy | 4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Table 3 Quality of the 12 case control studies included in the meta-analyses of risk factors for esophageal cancer
| Quality variable | Quality variable categories | Number of studies | Proportion (column %) |
| Representativeness of sampling procedures used in each study | Non-probability | 12 | 100.0 |
| Probability | 0 | ||
| Response rate | Above 80% | 10 | 83.3 |
| Between 60% and 80% | 2 | ||
| Not reported | 0 | ||
| Validity of measurement methods for risk factors | Face to face interview | 12 | 100.0 |
| Self-administered questionnaire | |||
| Bias in the measurement of the esophageal cancer | Histology | 10 | 83.3 |
| Endoscopy | 1 | ||
| Not reported | 1 | ||
| Control for important confounders | Yes | 11 | 91.7 |
| Not reported | 1 | ||
| Final score (mean across the items) | 91.7 |
- Citation: Asombang AW, Chishinga N, Nkhoma A, Chipaila J, Nsokolo B, Manda-Mapalo M, Montiero JFG, Banda L, Dua KS. Systematic review and meta-analysis of esophageal cancer in Africa: Epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25(31): 4512-4533
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v25/i31/4512.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i31.4512