Retrospective Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 28, 2019; 25(24): 3069-3078
Published online Jun 28, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i24.3069
Table 1 Patient characteristics
Young (≤ 50 yr)
Old (> 50 yr)
P value
(n = 45)(n = 405)
Sex (male)39/45 (87%)342/405 (84%)0.86
Ethnicity (white)43/44 (98%)377/387 (97%)0.70
BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD)29.69 ± 6.0528.53 ± 5.720.09
BMI > 30 kg/m221/44 (48%)124/389 (32%)0.04
Diabetes5/45 (11%)91/390 (23%)0.01
Hypertension13/45 (29%)211/382 (55%)< 0.001
Family history of malignancy21/44 (48%)234/382 (61%)0.08
Family history of esophageal adenocarcinoma1/44 (2%)17/382 (5%)0.78
GERD symptoms24/44 (55%)148/386 (38%)0.04
Smoking
Ever smoking25/44 (57%)297/393 (76%)0.01
Current smoking4/44 (9%)47/392 (11%)0.75
Pack-years (mean ± SD)13.97 ± 15.5623.46 ± 27.210.02
Alcohol
Ever alcohol37/45 (82%)297/387 (77%)0.52
Current alcohol31/45 (69%)241/375 (64%)0.54
Medication use
Proton pump inhibitors38/43 (88%)335/374 (90%)0.98
Low-dose aspirin5/45 (11%)130/388 (34%)< 0.01
NSAIDs4/45 (9%)34/384 (9%)0.79
Statins10/45 (22%)189/388 (49%)< 0.001
Endoscopy
Prague C, median (IQR), cm2 (0-5)1 (0-5)0.52
Prague M, median (IQR), cm4 (2-7)4 (2-7)0.43
Hiatus hernia35/45 (78%)350/405 (86%)0.12
Table 2 Adenocarcinoma/high-grade dysplasia risk according to multivariate analysis: Young vs old
Adjusted Odds ratio95% confidence intervalP value
BMI > 302.061.07-3.980.03
Ever smoking0.390.20-0.75< 0.01
Ongoing GERD symptoms2.001.04-3.850.04
Family history of esophageal adenocarcinoma0.730.09-5.850.77
Ethnicity (white)0.770.09-6.420.81
Sex (Male)1.440.56-3.700.45
Table 3 Pathological features of esophageal adenocarcinoma, n (%)


Young (≤ 50 yr)
Old (> 50 yr)
P value
(n = 45)(n = 405)
HistologyEAC31 (69)317 (78)0.15
HGD14 (31)88 (22)
EAC depthM17 (23)63 (20)
M28 (26)75 (24)
M38 (26)47 (15)
M44 (13)96 (30)
SM4 (13)36 (11)0.41
DifferentiationG121 (68)212 (67)
G26 (19)91 (29)
G34 (13)14 (4)0.22
Lympho-vascular invasion1 (3)32 (10)0.36
Vertical margin positive rate3 (10)32 (10)0.81
Table 4 Clinical outcomes following endoscopic treatment
Young (≤ 50 yr)
Old (> 50 yr)
P value
(n = 30)(n = 257)
Complete eradication of neoplasia28/30 (93%)220/257 (86%)0.38
Recurrence of neoplasia4/28 (14%)40/220 (18%)0.81
Complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia23/30 (77%)159/257 (62%)0.16
Recurrence of intestinal metaplasia7/23 (30%)41/159 (26%)0.83