Role of epigenetics in transformation of inflammation into colorectal cancer

Table 1 MicroRNAs regulate inflammation and occurrence of colorectal cancer

MicroRNAs	Target genes	Functions in CRC
MiR-105, miR-19a,	NF-κB	Promoted CRC progression
MiR-21, miR-181b-1, miR-572	STAT3	Promoted CRC progression
MiR-21, miR-200b, miR-1246	TGF-β	Promoted proliferation
MiR-34a	IL-6R/PAI1	Promoted CRC progression
MiR-24	IFN-γ/TNF-α	Inhibited the cytotoxic effect of NK cells
MiR-34a	TGF-β/Smad4	Inhibited autophagy
MiR-196b-5p	STAT3	Promoted chemical resistance
MiR-148a, miR-6869-5p, miR-139-5p	NF-κB	Inhibited CRC occurrence
MiR-1299, miR-149, miR-214	STAT3	Inhibited tumor formation
MiR-329	TGF-β1	Inhibited CRC occurrence

CRC: Colorectal cancer; NK: Natural killer.

Table 2 LncRNAs regulate the inflammation-cancer transformation

LncRNA	Target genes	Functions in CRC
PRINS	miR-491-5p/PMAIP1/TFF3	Inhibited apoptosis
FEZF1-AS1	PKM2/STAT3	Accelerated CRC occurrence
AB073614	JAK/STAT3	Induced EMT
HOTAIR	MiR-218/EZH2/NF-kB	Chemotherapeutic resistance

CRC: Colorectal cancer; EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition.