Interleukin-22 receptor 1 is expressed in multinucleated giant cells: A study on intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

HCs (n = 500)		ITB (n = 133)	CD (n = 128)	P-value
Gender (Female/male)	237/263	37/96	42/86	0.42
Age of diagnosis (yr)	38.5 ± 12.8	41.0 ± 17.2	37.4 ± 16.1	0.06
Smokers, n (%)	103/500 (20.6)	32/133 (24.1)	22/128 (17.2)	0.22
Drinkers, n (%)	56/500 (11.2)	17/133 (12.8)	15/128 (11.7)	0.85
WBC (109/L)		7.08 ± 4.0	7.95 ± 3.5	0.10
Hb, g/L		113.56 ± 23.1	109.83 ± 25.8	0.28
ESR, mm/h		37.43 ± 25.6	34.60 ± 25.6	0.50
PPD (positive), n (%)		34/49 (69.4)	11/35 (31.4)	0.06
T-SPOT (positive), n (%)		20/26 (76.9)	3/27 (11.1)	0.002
TB not examined		58	62
Abnormal lung imaging findings, n (%)		50/133 (37.6)	3/128 (2.3)	< 0.0001
Remission rate: n (%)
5-ASA			77/128 (60.2)
Glucocorticoids			31/128 (24.2)
Immunosuppressors			5/128 (3.9)
Anti-TNF			8/128 (6.2)
Non-remission			7/128 (5.5)
Disease related surgery, n (%)		21/133 (15.8)	29/128 (22.7)	0.21
Location of ITB, n (%)
Small intestine		11/133 (8.3)
Ileocecus		77/133 (57.9)
Colon		37/133 (27.8)
Data not available		8/133 (6.0)
Location of CD, n (%)
L1 ± L4			60/128 (46.9)
L2 ± L4			36/128 (28.1)
L3 ± L4			29/128 (22.7)
L4			3/128 (2.3)
Behavior of CD, n (%)
B1—Inflammatory			81/128 (63.3)
B2—Stricturing			37/128 (28.9)
B3—Penetrating			10/128 (7.8)
p—Perianal			35/128 (27.3)

Smokers: Subjects who had smoked more than one cigarette per day for at least one year; Drinkers: Subjects who had drunk alcohol per week for more than six months; WBC: White blood cells; Hb: Haemoglobin; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; T-SPOT: T cell spot test; PPD: Purified protein derivative; 5-ASA: 5-Aminosalicylic acid; CD: Crohn’s disease; L1: Terminal ileum (phenotype defined by the Montreal Classification System); L2, Colonic; L3, Ileocolonic; L4: Upper gastrointestinal tract; TNF: tumour necrosis factor. Bold indicates the statistical significance (P < 0.05).

Table 2 Genotype and allele frequency distributions of rs2227473 in the intestinal tuberculosis and healthy control groups

Genotype and allele	HC groups	ITB groups	OR (95%CI)	P-value	OR (95%CI)1	P-value1
GG	373	112	1.00		1.00
GA	110	19	0.58 (0.34-0.98)	0.041	0.57 (0.33-0.99)	0.046
AA	17	2	0.39 (0.89-1.72)	0.215	0.39 (0.09-1.77)	0.224
G	856	243	1.00		1.00
A	144	23	0.59 (0.37-0.93)	0.023	0.60 (0.37-0.95)	0.030

The major genotype or allele was used as the baseline.

¹Adjusted for gender, age, smoking and drinking history. Bold indicates the statistical significance (P < 0.05). HC: Healthy control; ITB: intestinal tuberculosis; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 3 Genotype and allele frequency distributions of rs2227473 in the Crohn's disease and healthy control groups

Genotype and allele	HC group	CD group	OR (95%CI)	P-value	OR (95%CI)1	P-value1
GG	373	101	1.00		1.00
GA	110	26	0.87 (0.54-1.41)	0.579	0.83 (0.51-1.36)	0.466
AA	17	1	0.22 (0.03-1.65)	0.140	0.24 (0.03-1.87)	0.174
G	856	228	1.00		1.00
A	144	28	0.73 (0.48-1.12)	0.152	0.72 (0.49-1.12)	0.146

The major genotype or allele was used as the baseline.

¹Adjusted for gender, age, smoking and drinking history. CD: Crohn's disease; HC: Healthy control; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 4 Genotype and allele frequency distributions of rs2227473 in the intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease groups

Genotype and allele	ITB group	CD group	OR (95%CI)	P-value	OR (95%CI)1	P-value1
GG	112	101	1.00		1.00
GA	19	26	1.43 (0.75-2.72)	0.276	1.67 (0.81-3.42)	0.164
AA	2	1	0.55 (0.05-6.15)	0.627	0.67 (0.06-8.22)	0.757
G	243	228	1.00		1.00
A	23	28	1.24 (0.70-2.20)	0.466	1.37 (0.74-2.53)	0.314

The major genotype or allele was used as the baseline.

¹Adjusted for gender, age, smoking and drinking history. CD: Crohn's disease; ITB: Intestinal tuberculosis; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 5 Genotype and allele frequency distributions of rs1143627 in the intestinal tuberculosis and healthy control groups

Genotype and allele	HC group	ITB group	OR (95%CI)	P-value	OR (95%CI)1	P-value1
CC	137	22	1.00		1.00
CT	240	69	1.79 (1.06-3.02)	0.029	1.81 (1.05-3.13)	0.033
TT	123	42	2.13 (1.20-3.76)	0.010	2.17 (1.19-3.95)	0.011
C	514	113	1.00		1.00
T	486	153	1.43 (1.09-1.88)	0.010	1.43 (1.07-1.89)	0.014

The major genotype or allele was used as the baseline.

¹Adjusted for gender, age, smoking and drinking history. Bold indicates the statistical significance (P < 0.05). HC: Healthy control; ITB: Intestinal tuberculosis; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 6 Genotype and allele frequency distributions of rs1143627 in the Crohn’s disease and healthy controls groups

Genotype and allele	HC group	CD group	OR (95%CI)	P-value	OR (95%CI)1	P-value1
CC	137	28	1.00		1.00
CT	240	61	1.24 (0.76-2.04)	0.387	1.24 (0.75-2.04)	0.402
TT	123	39	1.55 (0.90-2.67)	0.113	1.53 (0.88-2.65)	0.131
C	514	117	1.00		1.00
T	486	139	1.26 (0.95-1.66)	0.104	1.25 (0.94-1.65)	0.121

The major genotype or allele was used as the baseline.

¹Adjusted for gender, age, smoking and drinking history. CD: Crohn's disease; HC: Healthy control; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 7 Genotype and allele frequency distributions of rs1143627 in the intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease groups

Genotype and allele	ITB group	CD group	OR (95%CI)	P-value	OR (95%CI)1	P-value1
CC	22	28	1.00		1.00
CT	69	61	0.70 (0.36-1.34)	0.276	0.61 (0.30-1.26)	0.180
TT	42	39	0.73 (0.36-1.48)	0.383	0.59 (0.27-1.33)	0.205
C	113	117	1.00		1.00
T	153	139	0.88 (0.62-1.24)	0.459	0.82 (0.57-1.19)	0.298

The major genotype or allele was used as the baseline.

¹Adjusted for gender, age, smoking and drinking history. CD: Crohn's disease; ITB: Intestinal tuberculosis; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 8 Genetic model analysis of rs2227473 in the intestinal tuberculosis population

Genetic model	Genotype	HCs (n)	ITB (n)	OR (95%CI)	P-value	OR (95%CI)1	P-value1
Dominant	GG	373	112	1.00		1.00
	GA + AA	127	21	0.58 (0.35-0.96)	0.034	0.58 (0.34-0.98)	0.040
Recessive	GA + GG	483	131	1.00		1.00
	AA	17	2	0.43 (0.10-1.90)	0.268	0.45 (0.10-1.99)	0.291
Co-dominant	GG	373	112	1.00		1.00
	AA	17	2	0.40 (0.09-1.74)	0.219	0.50 (0.11-2.33)	0.379
	GG	373	112	1.00		1.00
	GA	110	19	0.61 (0.36-1.03)	0.064	0.63 (0.37-1.08)	0.091

HCs: Healthy controls; ITB: Intestinal tuberculosis; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

¹Adjusted for gender, age, smoking and drinking history.

Bold indicates the statistical significance (P < 0.05).

Table 9 Genetic model analysis of rs1143627 in the intestinal tuberculosis population

Genetic model	Genotype	HCs (n)	ITB (n)	OR (95%CI)	P-value	OR (95%CI)1	P-value1
Dominant	CC	137	22	1.00		1.00
	CT + TT	363	111	1.90 (1.16-3.13)	0.011	1.93 (1.14-3.25)	0.014
Recessive	CT + CC	377	91	1.00		1.00
	TT	123	42	1.42 (0.93-2.15)	0.104	1.41 (0.92-2.18)	0.118
Co-dominant	CC	137	22	1.00		1.00
	TT	123	42	2.13 (1.20-3.76)	0.010	3.46 (1.73-6.91)	0.000
	CC	137	22	1.00		1.00
	CT	240	69	1.79 (1.06-3.02)	0.029	2.14 (1.22-3.77)	0.008

HCs: Healthy controls; ITB: Intestinal tuberculosis; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

¹Adjusted for gender, age, smoking and drinking history. Bold indicates the statistical significance (P < 0.05).