Measurement of prostaglandin metabolites is useful in diagnosis of small bowel ulcerations

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study subjects

	CEAS (n = 20)	CD (n = 98)	P value1
Age, yr	56 (41-63)	44 (38-54)	0.098
Gender
Male	5 (25)	66 (67)	0.0008
Female	15 (75)	32 (33)
Smoking
Never smoker	16 (80)	68 (69)	0.42
Current smoker	1 (5)	13 (13)
Former smoker	3 (15)	17 (18)
Pulmonary disease	1 (5)	5 (5)	1
History of surgery	13 (65)	59 (60)	0.8
CRP, g/dL	0.30 (0.11-0.53)	0.13 (0.03-0.58)	0.26
Disease location
L1, ileal		34 (35)
L2, colonic		14 (14)
L3, ileocolonic		50 (51)
Disease duration, yr	33 (19-42)	20 (13-29)	0.0055

¹Mann-Whitney U-test or Fisher’s exact test. Data are the number (%) or median (interquartile range). Significant P values are indicated in bold. CEAS: Chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene; CD: Crohn disease; CRP: C reactive protein.

Table 2 Factors associated with prostaglandin E major urinary metabolite concentrations

	Univariable linear regression (P value)
Age	P = 0.47 (0.067)
Gender (1, female; 0, male)	P = 0.26 (0.10)
Smoking (1, Current or former smoker; 0, Never smoker)	P = 0.17 (-0.13)
Pulmonary disease	P < 0.0001 (0.36)
History of surgery	P = 0.029 (0.20)
CRP	P = 0.078 (0.16)
Disease duration	P = 0.0040 (0.26)

The values of prostaglandin E major urinary metabolite were log-transformed. Significant P values are indicated in bold. CRP: C reactive protein.

Table 3 Convert odds ratio for prostaglandin E major urinary metabolite

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Odds ratio of 1 log unit change	7.3	6	29.6
(95%CI)	(3.2-16.7)	(2.6-13.9)	(4.7-185.7)
AUC (95%CI)	0.90 (0.82-0.94)	0.93 (0.87-0.96)	0.95 (0.86-0.98)

CI: Confidence interval; AUC: Area under the curve; Model 1: Prostaglandin E-major urinary metabolite; Model 2: Prostaglandin E-major urinary metabolite + Age + Gender; Model 3: Prostaglandin E-major urinary metabolite + Age + Gender + Medical history of pulmonary disease + History of surgery + Disease duration+ C reactive protein.