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©The Author(s) 2018.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 14, 2018; 24(38): 4356-4368
Published online Oct 14, 2018. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i38.4356
Published online Oct 14, 2018. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i38.4356
Table 1 Nucleotide sequences of forward and reverse primers
Gene | Forward primer (5´-3´) | Reverse primer (5´-3´) | Product length (bp) |
eNOS | 5´-AAGTGGGCAGCATCACCTAC-3´ | 5´-GCCTGGGAACCACTCCTTTT-3´ | 211 |
iNOS | 5´-CTCACTGGGACTGCACAGAA-3´ | 5´-TGTTGAAGGGTGTCGTGAAA-3´ | 128 |
PDE-5 | 5´-GCGGAGGAAGAAACAAGGGA-3´ | 5´-ATCGGCAAAGAACCTCGTGT-3´ | 196 |
sGCa1 | 5´-GCCCCACGACATACAGGTTA-3´ | 5´-GCGGCTCACTAATCTACCCC-3´ | 229 |
sGCb1 | 5´-AATTACGGTCCCGAGGTGTG-3´ | 5´-ACCAGCATTGAGGTTGAGGAC-3´ | 147 |
18sRNA (reference) | 5´-GTAACCCGTTGAACCCCATT-3´ | 5´-CCATCCAATCGGTAGTAGCG-3´ | 151 |
srsf4 (reference) | 5´-GGTTCTGGACGCAGTGGATA-3´ | 5´-CTCCTTCGTTTTTGCGTCCC-3´ | 193 |
Table 2 Mean ± standard deviation of enzyme gene expression
CON (n = 11) Mean ± SD | FIB (n = 6) Mean ± SD | CIR (n = 8) Mean ± SD | |
eNOS (fold exp.) | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.3' | 2.2 ± 1.0 |
iNOS (fold exp.) | n.d.1 | 4.6 ± 3.0 | 5.3 ± 2.3 |
PDE5 (fold exp.) | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 7.7 ± 0.9 | 11.0 ± 3.1 |
sGCa1 (fold exp.) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.7 ± 0.4 |
sGCb1 (fold exp.) | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 3.0 ± 1.3 |
Table 3 Median ± interquartile range of serum cyclic guanosine monophosphate concentrations
CON (n = 11)Median ± IQR | FIB (n = 6)Median ± IQR | CIR (n = 8)Median ± IQR | CON + Sil (n = 12)Median ± IQR | CIR + Sil (n = 10)Median ± IQR | |
cGMP (pmol/mL) | 152 ± 86 | 100 ± 68 | 91 ± 22 | 249 ± 153 | 168 ± 52 |
Table 4 Pairwise comparisons between groups are determined according to Dunn[35]
eNOS | iNOS | PDE5 | sGCa1 | sGCb1 | cGMP | ||
CON vs FIB | sig. (pairwise) | 0.0241 | - | 0.0021 | 0.065 | 0.0061 | 0.151 |
sig. (adjusted) | 0.072 | - | 0.0061 | 0.195 | 0.0181 | 0.453 | |
CON vs CIR | sig. (pairwise) | 0.0011 | - | 0.0011 | 0.0011 | 0.0011 | 0.0181 |
sig. (adjusted) | 0.0031 | - | 0.0031 | 0.0031 | 0.0031 | 0.054 | |
FIB vs CIR | sig. (pairwise) | 0.280 | 0.732 | 0.201 | 0.194 | 0.267 | 0.495 |
sig. (adjusted) | 0.840 | 1.000 | 0.603 | 0.582 | 0.801 | 1.000 | |
CON vs CON + Sil | sig. (pairwise) | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | 0.0121 |
sig. (adjusted) | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | 0.0241 | |
CIR vs CIR + Sil | sig. (pairwise) | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | 0.0091 |
sig. (adjusted) | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | n.m.2 | 0.0181 |
Table 5 Median ± interquartile range of the absolute values of body weight, portal venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate at different time points
CON | FIB | CIR | |||||||
NaCl (n = 19) | Sil 0.1 mg/kg (n = 18) | Sil 1.0 mg/kg (n = 18) | NaCl (n = 7) | Sil 0.1 mg/kg (n = 15) | Sil 1.0 mg/kg (n = 7) | NaCl (n = 7) | Sil 0.1 mg/kg (n = 7) | Sil 1.0 mg/kg (n = 10) | |
Median ± IQR | Median ± IQR | Median ± IQR | Median ± IQR | Median ± IQR | Median ± IQR | Median ± IQR | Median ± IQR | Median ± IQR | |
Body weight (g) | 375 ± 15 | 370 ± 28 | 380 ± 27 | 359 ± 35 | 363 ± 28 | 361 ± 24 | 336 ± 40 | 350 ± 46 | 337 ± 15 |
PVP_0 (mmHG) | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 6.6 ± 0.4 | 6.3 ± 0.7 | 6.0 ± 0.9 | 6.2 ± 1.3 | 6.2 ± 0.9 | 6.8 ± 1.6 | 7.5 ± 1.7 | 7.7 ± 1.1 |
PVP_10 (mmHG) | 6.0 ± 0.9 | 6.6 ± 0.6 | 6.6 ± 0.9 | 5.7 ± 1.2 | 5.5 ± 1.3 | 5.1 ± 1.4 | 6.8 ± 1.4 | 7.1 ± 1.6 | 7.1 ± 2.2 |
PVP_30 (mmHG) | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 6.3 ± 0.7 | 6.4 ± 0.8 | 5.3 ± 1.4 | 5.4 ± 1.3 | 4.8 ± 1.4 | 6.5 ± 1.2 | 6.6 ± 1.0 | 6.3 ± 1.3 |
PVP_60 (mmHG) | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 6.3 ± 0.8 | 6.4 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 4.8 ± 1.5 | 6.6 ± 2.0 | 6.3 ± 1.0 | 5.8 ± 1.2 |
MAP_0 (mmHG) | 89 ± 12 | 106 ± 14 | 101 ± 28 | 65 ± 30 | 59 ± 21 | 58 ± 28 | 49 ± 19 | 47 ± 15 | 60 ± 19 |
MAP_10 (mmHG) | 83 ± 20 | 94 ± 14 | 85 ± 27 | 55 ± 25 | 45 ± 10 | 42 ± 8 | 42 ± 11 | 41 ± 5 | 38 ± 16 |
MAP_30 (mmHG) | 79 ± 21 | 88 ± 17 | 77 ± 21 | 50 ± 14 | 43 ± 12 | 37 ± 6 | 41 ± 12 | 35 ± 8 | 36 ± 8 |
MAP_60 (mmHG) | 76 ± 21 | 82 ± 23 | 74 ± 28 | 44 ± 11 | 40 ± 8 | 37 ± 7 | 38 ± 3 | 34 ± 5 | 34 ± 7 |
HR_0 (bpm) | 373 ± 40 | 377 ± 47 | 368 ± 31 | 320 ± 30 | 335 ± 30 | 314 ± 22 | 307 ± 38 | 308 ± 76 | 365 ± 28 |
HR_10 (bpm) | 362 ± 55 | 383 ± 44 | 380 ± 50 | 313 ± 23 | 339 ± 41 | 351 ± 29 | 286 ± 33 | 316 ± 71 | 374 ± 22 |
HR_30 (bpm) | 356 ± 57 | 366 ± 52 | 373 ± 41 | 291 ± 20 | 310 ± 43 | 310 ± 21 | 268 ± 40 | 313 ± 57 | 350 ± 36 |
HR_60 (bpm) | 347 ± 39 | 359 ± 43 | 362 ± 49 | 284 ± 26 | 304 ± 41 | 295 ± 33 | 254 ± 36 | 302 ± 47 | 324 ± 30 |
Table 6 Relative median of differences (%) ± interquartile range of the parameters portal venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate
CON | FIB | CIR | |||||||
NaCl (n = 19) | Sil 0.1 mg/kg (n = 18) | Sil 1.0 mg/kg (n = 18) | NaCl (n = 7) | Sil 0.1 mg/kg (n = 15) | Sil 1.0 mg/kg (n = 7) | NaCl (n = 7) | Sil 0.1 mg/kg (n = 7) | Sil 1.0 mg/kg (n = 10) | |
RMD (%) ± IQR | RMD (%) ± IQR | RMD (%) ± IQR | RMD (%) ± IQR | RMD (%) ± IQR | RMD (%) ± IQR | RMD (%) ± IQR | RMD (%) ± IQR | RMD (%) ± IQR | |
PVPnorm | - 3 ± 7 | - 6 ± 10 | - 3 ± 6 | - 9 ± 11 | - 8 ± 8 | - 7 ± 6 | - 3 ± 7 | - 13 ± 7 | - 19 ± 26 |
MAPnorm | - 10 ± 17 | - 8 ± 16 | - 7 ± 19 | - 21 ± 24 | - 14 ± 21 | - 10 ± 10 | - 17 ± 16 | - 14 ± 11 | - 17 ± 23 |
HRnorm | - 4 ± 6 | - 4 ± 5 | - 4 ± 5 | - 8 ± 5 | - 8 ± 14 | - 12 ± 13 | - 6 ± 6 | - 8 ± 11 | - 14 ± 101 |
- Citation: Schaffner D, Lazaro A, Deibert P, Hasselblatt P, Stoll P, Fauth L, Baumstark MW, Merfort I, Schmitt-Graeff A, Kreisel W. Analysis of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in experimental liver cirrhosis suggests phosphodiesterase-5 as potential target to treat portal hypertension. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24(38): 4356-4368
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v24/i38/4356.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v24.i38.4356