Fecal microbial dysbiosis in Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of enrolled patients

	CD	UC	Control
n	15	14	13
Age, mean ± SD, yr	37.7 ± 13.0	37.5 ± 17.1	39.8 ± 14.3
Sex, male/female	11/4	7/7	10/3
Disease duration in months, median (range)	10 (3-48)	30 (2-93)	-
Smoking habits	4 (26.7)	1 (7.1)	2 (15.4)
Abdominal surgery	4 (26.7)	0	0
Montreal A (age of onset)
A1 (< 17)	1 (6.7)	-	-
A2 (17-40)	7 (46.7)	-	-
A3 (> 40)	7 (46.7)	-	-
Montreal L (location)
L1 (ileal)	8 (53.3)	-	-
L2 (colonic)	1 (6.7)	-	-
L3 (ileocolonic)	6 (40)	-	-
L4 (upper gastrointestinal tract)	0	-	-
Montreal B (behavior)
B1(nonstricturing, nonpenetrating)	8 (53.3)	-	-
B2 (stricturing)	6 (40)	-	-
B3 (penetrating)	1 (6.7)	-	-
p (perianal disease)	4 (26.7)	-	-
Montreal
E1 ulcerative proctitis	-	4 (28.6)	-
E2 left sided ulcerative colitis	-	5 (35.7)	-
E3 extensive ulcerative colitis	-	5 (35.7)	-
CDAI score
< 150	4 (26.7)	-	-
150-220	5 (33.3)	-	-
221-450	6 (40)	-	-
> 450	0	-	-
Mayo score
0-2	-	0	-
3-5	-	7 (50.0)	-
6-10	-	5 (35.7)	-
11-12	-	2 (14.3)	-
Therapy
5-ASA	14 (93.3)	14 (100)	-
Azathioprine	2 (13.3)	0	-
Steroids	1 (6.7)	6 (42.9)	-
Infliximab	0	0	-

Data are presented as n (%). 5-ASA: 5-aminosalicylic acid; CD: Crohn’s disease; CDAI: CD activity index; SD: Standard deviation; UC: Ulcerative colitis.

Table 2 Significant differences in microbial distribution of taxa (phylum and genus) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

	CD	UC	CD/UC	CD.A/CD.I	CD.A/UC.A
Firmicutes
Abiotrophia1	↑c
Butyricicoccus	↓c		c3
RFN201	↑c		c2
Pseudoramibacter_Eubacterium1	↑b		c2
Holdemania1		↓c			c2
02d06		↓c	c2		c2
Lachnobacterium		↓c
Megamonas		↓c
Mitsuokella	↓c	↓c
Granulicatella		↑b
Peptostreptococcus		↑b
Schwartzia1		↑b
Moryella1			c3
Staphylococcus1			c3		c3
Epulopiscium					c2
Sarcina					c2
Bacteroidetes				b3
Alistipes		↓c
Butyricimonas		↓c
Capnocytophaga1		↑c	c3		c3
Prevotella		↓c
Proteobacteria	↑b	↑b
Escherichia	↑c	↑b
Haemophilus	↓c		b3		b3
Desulfovibrio		↓c	b2		c2
Oxalobacte1		↓c
Janthinobacterium1		↑b	b3
Campylobacter		↑b
Cardiobacterium1			c3
Lautropia1			c3
Lupinus1			c3
Shewanella1			b3
Actinobacteria
Actinomyces		↑c
Eggerthella1		↑b
Corynebacterium1		↑b	c3		b3
Slackia1			b2		c2
Synergistetes
Pyramidobacter1		↓c
Synergistes1		↓c
TG51			c3
Spirochaetes		↑c			c3
Lentisphaerae		↓c			c2
Victivallis1	↓c	↓c

↑ and ↓ relative to controls;

¹Relative abundance of genera < 0.01%;

²Increase in value;

³Decrease in value. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001. CD: Crohn’s disease; CD.A: Active CD; CD.I: Inactive CD; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; UC.A: Active UC.