Potential triggering factors of acute liver failure as a first manifestation of autoimmune hepatitis-a single center experience of 52 adult patients

Table 1 Patients’ demographics and laboratory with n = 52 demonstrating autoimmune hepatitis-induced acute liver failure (9.2%)

Study population (n = 52) with AIH-induced ALF
Mean age (yr)	43.6 ± 14.9 (19-76)
Male	8 (15.4%)
Female	44 (84.6%)
Hepatic encephalopathy	Grade I: 46/52 (88.4%)
	Grade II: 2/52 (3.8%)
	Grade III: 2/52 (3.8%)
	Grade IV: 2/52 (3.8%)
Immunosuppressive therapy	Steroid induction: 52/52 (100%)
	Steroid maintenance: 30/52 (57.7%)
	Steroid withdrawal: 20/52 (42.3%)
	Azathioprine: 27/52 (51.9%)
	Cyclosporine A: 7/52 (13.5%)
ALT (U/L)	1391.0 (843.5-2154.5)
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	14.3 (11.7-18.7)
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.76 (0.55-0.95)
INR	1.78 (1.64-2.00)
LabMELD-score	24 (22-26)
Immunoglobulin G (g/L)	17.2(13.1-22.8)
γ-globulin-fraction (%)	24.5 (19.5-29.3)

Data represents median and IQR. AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; ALF: Acute liver failure; ALT: Alanine-aminotransferase.

Table 2 Patients’ data stratified by recovery and non-recovery (n = 52)

	Recovery (n = 43)	Non-recovery (n = 9)	P value
Age (yr)	40.0 (28.0-52.0)	49.0 (44.0-62.5)	0.031
Male/female	7/36	1/8	NS
ALT (U/L)	1512 (904-2276)	711 (324-1391)	0.0157
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	14.0 (11.3-18.7)	16.1 (11.8-23.6)	NS
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.72 (0.51-0.92)	0.98 (0.77-1.61)	0.0069
INR	1.76 (1.63-1.98)	1.96 (1.75-2.79)	0.0644
LabMELD-score	23 (22-25)	27 (25-30)	0.0007

Data represents median and IQR. ALF: Acute liver failure.