Predictors of poor outcomes in patients with wild mushroom-induced acute liver injury

Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of study patients n (%)

	Total patients	Survivors	Non-survivors	P value
	(n = 23)	(n = 13)	(n = 10)
Age, yr	61.0 (51.0-66.0)	61.0 (53.0-69.0)	52.0 (38.0-62.0)	0.74
Male	11 (48)	6 (46)	5 (50)	0.86
Comorbidities
Hypertension	6 (26)	5 (38)	1 (10)	0.11
Diabetes mellitus	2 (9)	2 (17)	0 (0)	0.17
Chronic kidney disease	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Chronic liver disease	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Time from ingestion to hospitalization, d	3.0 (3.0-3.0)	3.0 (3.0-3.0)	3.0 (3.0-3.0)	0.26
Vital signs, initial
SBP, mmHg	126.0 (112.0-134.0)	122.0 (116.0-133.0)	128.5 (112.0-146.0)	0.47
DBP, mmHg	71.0 (66.0-89.0)	78.0 (67.0-90.0)	69.5 (66.5-77.5)	0.59
Heart rate, min	78.0 (65.0-89.0)	70.0 (63.0-87.0)	94.5 (78.5-116.2)	0.03
Respiratory rate, min	20.0 (18.0-20.0)	20.0 (18.0-20.0)	20.0 (20.0-20.0)	0.24
Temperature, °C	36.6 (36.1-37.1)	36.6 (36.2-36.1)	36.6 (36.1-37.0)	0.56
SpO2, %	98.0 (97.0-99.0)	98.0 (97.0-99.0)	98.0 (97.0-99.0)	0.36
Laboratory data
WBC, × 103/mL	7.5 (5.8-12.2)	7.0 (6.0-8.3)	11.3 (6.0-15.6)	0.11
Hemoglobin, g/dL	14.1 (13.0-15.4)	14.2 (13.4-15.4)	12.8 (10.6-15.0)	0.12
Platelet, × 103/mL	172.0 (115.0-223.0)	197.0 (156.0- 223.0)	125.5 (87.3-181.3)	0.06
BUN, mg/dL	21.0 (9.0-33.0)	15.0 (10.0-29.0)	23.0 (10.3-31.5)	0.66
Cr, mg/dL	0.90 (0.60-1.30)	0.70 (0.60-0.90)	1.70 (1.00-1.80)	0.23
AST, IU/L	4568.0 (863.0-6933.0)	4568.0 (702.0-5471.0)	5650.0 (2065.3-8155.8)	0.19
ALT, IU/L	4750.0 (1561.0-5543.0)	4436.0 (1561.0-5543.0)	5002.0 (2235.5-6584.3)	0.31
γ-GT, IU/L	38.0 (23.0-71.0)	26.0 (13.0-53.0)	55.50 (39.0-85.0)	0.35
ALP, IU/L	85.0 (71.0-162.0)	71.0 (69.0-81.0)	165.0 (151.0-208.0)	< 0.01
Total bilirubin, mg/dL	3.50 (1.70-6.40)	1.80 (1.60-3.00)	6.80 (6.00-8.80)	< 0.01
Indirect/direct bilirubin ratio	1.79 (0.5-3.08)	2.45 (1.06-3.84)	0.99 (0.54-1.44)	< 0.01
PT-INR, s	2.90 (1.40-8.80)	1.60 (1.20-2.60)	9.70 (7.60-14.30)	< 0.01
aPTT, s	41.4 (28.9-54.3)	29.1 (28.9-35.3)	54.6 (52.6-71.4)	0.01
Management
Vasopressor	7 (30)	0 (0)	7 (70)	< 0.01
Mechanical ventilation	6 (26)	0 (0)	6 (60)	< 0.05
CRRT	5 (22)	0 (0)	5 (50)	< 0.01

Values are expressed as median with interquartile range and n (%). SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; SpO₂: Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation; WBC: White blood cell count; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Cr: Creatinine; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; γ-GT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; PT: Prothrombin time; aPTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; CRRT: Continuous renal replacement therapy.

Table 2 Odds ratios for poor outcomes in patients

	OR	95%CI	P value
Alkaline phosphatase	1.21	(0.91, 1.60)	0.20
Total bilirubin	3.58	(1.25, 10.22)	0.02
Indirect/direct bilirubin ratio	0.13	(0.02, 0.94)	0.04
Prothrombin time	789.00	-	0.98
Activated partial thromboplastin time	1.30	(1.04, 1.63)	0.02