In vivo histological diagnosis for gastric cancer using endocytoscopy

Table 1 Patient clinicopathological characteristics

Variable
Patients	30
Sex (male/female)	24/16
Mean age, yr (range)	72.2 (48-87)
Histological type of gastric cancer
Well differentiated adenocarcinoma	26
Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (including signet ring cell carcinoma)	4
Histological type of non-cancerous mucosa
Normal mucosa	10
Intestinal metaplastic mucosa	20
Mean tumor size, mm, (range)	17 (3-70)
Macroscopic type
0-I	1
0-IIa	12
0-IIc	17
Location
Upper	6
Middle	9
Lower	15
Infiltration depth
Mucosal	25
Submucosal	5
H. pylori infection
Eradicated	11
Persistent infection	14
Negative	5

Table 2 Comparison of endocytoscopic and histological diagnoses as performed by an endoscopist and a pathologist

	Endocytoscopic diagnosis
	Endoscopist A		Pathologist B
Histological diagnosis	Cancer	Non-cancer	Cancer	Non-cancer
Cancer	22	3	24	3
Non-cancer	2	26	2	21

Table 3 Performance of endocytoscopy in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer, as scored by an endoscopist and a pathologist

	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	Accuracy
	(95%CI)	(95%CI)	(95%CI)	(95%CI)	(95%CI)
Endoscopist A	88.00%	92.90%	91.70%	89.70%	90.60%
	(76.6-93.3)	(82.7-97.6)	(79.8-97.2)	(79.8-94.2)	(79.8-95.6)
Pathologist B	88.90%	91.30%	92.30%	87.50%	90.00%
	(78.4-93.8)	(79.0-97.1)	(81.4-97.4)	(75.7-93.0)	(78.7-95.3)
P-value	0.92	0.84	0.93	0.81	0.92

PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value.