Genetic biomarkers for hepatocellular cancer risk in a caucasian population

Table 1 Distribution of hepatocellular carcinoma patients, hepatitis B/hepatitis C -positive individuals and healthy subjects according to socio-demographic and clinical characteristics n (%)

Characteristics	HCC group	HBV/HCV group	Healthy group
Sex
Men	166 (86.5)	141 (84.4)	166 (86.5)
Women	26 (13.5)	26 (15.6)	26 (13.5)
Age (yr)
< 55	85 (44.3)	85 (50.9)	96 (50.0)
55-59	60 (31.3)	19 (11.4)	35 (18.2)
≥ 60	47 (24.5)	63 (37.7)	61 (31.8)
Hepatitis infection
None	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	192 (100.0)
HBV+ and HCV-	74 (38.5)	74 (44.3)	0 (0.0)
HBV- and HCV+	109 (56.8)	88 (52.7)	0 (0.0)
HBV+ and HCV+	9 (4.7)	5 (3.0)	0 (0.0)
Years of orthotopic liver transplantation or resection
1991-1995	27 (14.1)
1996-2000	60 (31.3)
2001-2006	102 (54.7)
Number of nodes
1	110 (57.3)
≥ 2	72 (37.5)
Unknown	10 (5.2)
Maximal dimension of nodes (cm)
≤ 2	79 (41.2)
2.1 to ≤ 3	67 (34.9)
> 3	37 (19.3)
Unknown	9 (4.7)

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HBV: Hepatitis B viral; HCV: Hepatitis C viral.

Table 2 Distribution of gene polymorphisms in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, in hepatitis B/hepatitis C -positive patients, and in healthy controls n (%)

Gene	SNP	Genotype	HCC group	HBV/HCV group	Healthy group
ERCC1	rs3212986	GG	126 (67.7)	82 (49.1)	91 (47.4)
		GT	44 (23.7)	78 (46.7)	81 (42.2)
		TT	16 (8.6)	7 (4.2)	20 (10.4)
XRCC3	rs1799794	AA	128 (66.7)	108 (65.1)	137 (71.7)
		AG	52 (27.1)	55 (33.1)	49 (25.7)
		GG	12 (6.3)	3 (1.8)	5 (2.6)
GST-P1	rs1138272	CC	172 (92.5)	139 (83.2)	182 (94.8)
		CT	13 (7.0)	27 (16.2)	10 (5.2)
		TT	1 (0.5)	1 (0.6)	0 (0.0)
CYP17A1	rs743572	TT	72 (38.1)	39 (23.4)	54 (28.4)
		TC	84 (44.4)	88 (52.7)	91 (47.9)
		CC	33 (17.5)	40 (24.0)	45 (23.7)
ABCB1	rs1128503	CC	54 (28.1)	52 (31.1)	58 (30.2)
		CT	92 (47.9)	93 (55.7)	95 (49.5)
		TT	46 (24.0)	22 (13.2)	39 (20.3)

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; SNP: Single-nucleotide polymorphism; HBV: Hepatitis B viral; HCV: Hepatitis C viral.

Table 3 Odds ratios and corresponding 95%CI for hepatocellular carcinoma compared to hepatitis B/hepatitis C infected patients and blood donors according to genetic polymorphisms

Gene	SNP	Allelic change	HCC vs HBV/HCV			HCC vs Healthy
			Mod	OR (95%CI)1	P value	Mod	OR (95%CI)2	P value
ERCC1	rs3212986	G>T	Dom	0.46 (0.30-0.71)	0.0005b	Dom	0.43 (0.28-0.65)	< 0.0001b
XRCC3	rs1799794	A>G	Rec	3.70 (1.02-13.39)	0.0461a	Rec	2.44 (0.84-7.08)	0.1003
GST-P1	rs1138272	C>T	Dom	0.41 (0.21-0.81)	0.0097b	Add	1.58 (0.70-3.57)	0.2699
CYP17A1	rs743572	T>C	Dom	0.50 (0.31-0.79)	0.0032b	Add	0.73 (0.55-0.97)	0.0310a
ABCB1	rs1128503	C>T	Rec	2.06 (1.18-3.61)	0.0111a	Dom	1.22 (0.75-1.98)	0.4194

¹Estimated through logistic regression model, adjusted for sex, age and HBV and/or HCV infection;

²Estimated through logistic regression model, adjusted for sex and age.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP< 0.01. HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; SNP: Single-nucleotide polymorphism; HBV: Hepatitis B viral; HCV: Hepatitis C viral.

Table 4 Odds ratios and corresponding 95%CI for hepatocellular carcinoma compared to hepatitis B/hepatitis C infected patients according to the viral status

Gene	SNP	Allelic change	Mod	HCC vs HBV/HCV
				HBV-positive		HCV-positive
				OR (95%CI)1	P value	OR (95%CI)1	P value
ERCC1	rs3212986	G>T	Dom	0.59 (0.30-1.15)	0.1231	0.33 (0.18-0.60)	0.0003b
XRCC3	rs1799794	A>G	Rec	2.23 (0.39-12.82)	0.3695	6.73 (0.82-55.03)	0.0753
GST-P1	rs1138272	C>T	Dom	0.40 (0.14-1.15)	0.0881	0.41 (0.16-1.02)	0.0558
CYP17A1	rs743572	T>C	Dom	0.45 (0.22-0.93)	0.0315a	0.51 (0.27-0.97)	0.0384a
ABCB1	rs1128503	C>T	Rec	4.18 (1.55-11.29)	0.0048b	1.49 (0.71-3.11)	0.2893

¹Estimated through logistic regression model, adjusted for sex, age and HBV and/or HCV infection.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01. HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; SNP: Single-nucleotide polymorphism; HBV: Hepatitis B viral; HCV: Hepatitis C viral.