Organization of future training in bariatric gastroenterology

Table 1 Obesity defined by body mass index

BMI (kg/m2)	Definition	Obesity class
18.5-24.9	Normal
25-29.9	Overweight
30-34.9	Obesity	I
35-39.9	Obesity	II
40.0-	Obesity	III

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Obesity related medical disorders

Diabetes mellitus

Obstructive sleep apnea

Degenerative osteoarthritis

Non-alcohol steatohepatitis

Hypertension

Dyslipidemia with coronary artery disease

Pseudo-tumor cerebri

Gastroesophageal reflux

Deep vein thrombosis

Asthma

Carcinomas (kidney, breast, endometrial, colorectal, pancreatic, esophageal, gallbladder)

Table 3 Weight loss medications approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration

Medication	Published weight loss
Short term use	Range from 3.6 to 8.1 kg
Benzphetamine
Diethylpropion
Phendimetrazine
Phentermine
Long term use
Orlistat	2.6 kg
Liraglutide	4 to 6 kg
Lorcaserin	3.2 kg
Naltrexone and bupropion	5 kg
Phentermine and topiramate	8.8 kg

Table 4 Potential endoscopic methods to treat medically-complicated obesity

Method	Potential physiological mechanisms
Delivery of a Weight Loss Device
Intragastric Balloon	Stomach distension; reduce volume required for satiety; delay gastric emptying
Orbera1
ReShape1
Obalon1
Duodeno-jejunal bypass sleeve	Delay Gastric Emptying; Induce Malabsorption
Aspiration therapy	Reduce Intragastric Nutrients
Use of intraluminal suturing
Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty	Induce early satiation; delay gastric emptying
Transoral gastroplasty	Reduce volume required for satiety

¹Listed in order of dates the devices were approved by United States Food and Drug Administration.