Doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1 as an independent prognostic factor in patients with resected pancreatic carcinoma

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of the patients

Characteristic	n
Age
Median (range)	70 (34-85)
Sex
Male	66
Female	70
Location
Head	80
Body-tail	56
Tumor size in cm
Median (range)	3 (1-18)
Surgery
Pancreaticoduodenectomy	76
Distal pancreatectomy	54
Total pancreatectomy	6
Histological differentiation
G1	20
G2	89
G3	17
G4	10
AJCC staging system
IA	5
IB	15
IIA	46
IIB	56
III	3
IV	11
Lymph node
N0	70
N1	66
Adjuvant therapy
Yes	96
No	40
Resection margin status
R0	86
R1	35
R2	15

AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer.

Table 2 Association between doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1 expression and clinicopathological factors in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma n (%)

Characteristic	DCLK-1, n = 136		P value
	Positive, n = 66	Negative, n = 70
Tumor size in cm			0.2962
< 2	11 (16.7)	17 (24.3)
≥ 2	55 (83.3)	53 (75.7)
Histological grade			0.0290
G1	5 (7.6)	15 (21.4)
G2-4	61 (92.4)	55 (78.6)
T category			0.4326
T1/T2	14 (21.2)	19 (27.1)
T3/T4	52 (78.8)	51 (72.9)
N category			1.00
N0	34 (51.5)	37 (52.9)
N1	32 (48.5)	33 (47.1)
Serum CA19-9 level			0.0060
Normal	14 (21.2)	31 (44.3)
Elevated	52 (78.8)	39 (55.7)
Serum SPan-1 level
Normal	23 (34.8)	34 (48.6)	0.1198
Elevated	43 (65.2)	36 (51.4)
Residual tumor			0.2148
R0	38 (57.6)	48 (68.6)
R1/2	28 (42.4)	22 (31.4)
Snail			0.1237
Positive	41 (62.1)	34 (48.6)
Negative	25 (37.9)	36 (51.4)
E-cadherin			0.1151
Positive	31 (47.0)	23 (32.9)
Negative	35 (53.0)	47 (67.1)
N-cadherin			0.5967
Positive	23 (34.8)	28 (40.0)
Negative	43 (65.2)	42 (60.0)
Vimentin			0.5232
Positive	6 (9.1)	4 (5.7)
Negative	60 (90.9)	66 (94.3)
CD24			0.3758
Positive	27 (40.9)	23 (32.9)
Negative	39 (59.1)	47 (67.1)
CD44			1.00
Positive	49 (74.2)	52 (74.3)
Negative	17 (25.8)	18 (25.7)
EpCAM			0.0235
Positive	46 (69.7)	35 (50.0)
Negative	20 (30.3)	35 (50.0)
CD133			0.8301
Positive	12 (18.2)	14 (20.0)
Negative	54 (81.8)	56 (80.0)
CD24+CD44+EpCAM+			0.0139
Positive	18 (27.3)	7 (10.0)
Negative	48 (72.7)	63 (90.0)

DCLK1: Doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1; EpCAM; Epithelial cell adhesion molecule; PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate survival analyses in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Variable	Comparison	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
		n	MST in mo	P value	Hazard ratio	95%CI	P value
Tumor size in cm	< 2	28	36.6	0.0735
	≥ 2	108	23.8
Histological grade	G1	20	Not reached	0.0091	1.362	0.844-2.318	0.2130
	G2-4	116	23.8
T category	T1/T2	33	30.3	0.7279
	T3/T4	103	28.27
N category	N0	71	35.4	0.0505
	N1	65	21.2
Serum CA19-9	Normal	45	31.37	0.2057
	Elevated	91	24.43
Serum SPan-1	Normal	57	36.6	0.0034	1.286	0.905-1.840	0.1608
	Elevated	79	21.2
Adjuvant therapy	No	30	23.3	0.21
	Yes	96	30.3
Resection margin status	R0	86	36.6	< 0.0001	2.019	1.380-2.933	0.0004
	R1/2	50	17.9
DCLK1	Negative	70	50.1	< 0.0001	1.848	1.2854-2.661	0.0009
	Positive	66	21.0
Snail	Negative	61	30.3	0.2377
	Positive	75	26.57
E-cadherin	Negative	82	26.57	0.5448
	Positive	54	30.3
N-cadherin	Negative	85	26.57	0.4568
	Positive	51	36.03
Vimentin	Negative	126	30.07	0.0659
	Positive	10	17.9
CD24	Negative	86	24.43	0.6359
	Positive	50	30.3
CD44	Negative	35	45.1	0.0245	1.267	0.855-1.919	0.2414
	Positive	101	24.43
CD133	Negative	110	23.37	0.1485
	Positive	26	36.6
EpCAM	Negative	55	23.37	0.6580
	Positive	81	30.07

DCLK1: Doublecortin and CaM kinase-like-1; EpCAM: Epithelial cell adhesion molecule; MST: Median overall survival time; N: Node; PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; T: Tumor.