Copyright
©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 21, 2017; 23(27): 4958-4967
Published online Jul 21, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i27.4958
Published online Jul 21, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i27.4958
Table 1 Hardy weinberg equilibrium n (%)
| Genotype distribution | Hardy Weinberg equilibrium | |||
| SNP | Genotype | Frequency | Expected frequency (n) | P value1 |
| ATG16L1 rs10210302 | CC | 25 (21.0) | 24 | NS |
| TC | 57 (47.9) | 59 | ||
| TT | 37 (31.1) | 36 | ||
| ATG16L1 rs2241880 | AA | 27 (22.5) | 26 | NS |
| GA | 57 (47.5) | 60 | ||
| GG | 36 (30.0) | 35 | ||
| Fas Ligand rs763110 | CC | 42 (36.5) | 41 | NS |
| TC | 54 (47.0) | 55 | ||
| TT | 19 (16.5) | 18 | ||
| IBD5 rs2522057 | CC | 35 (29.2) | 29 | 0.045 |
| GC | 49 (40.8) | 60 | ||
| GG | 36 (30.0) | 31 | ||
| FCGR 3A rs396991 | AA | 70 (58.3) | 62 | 0.0005 |
| AC | 33 (27.5) | 48 | ||
| CC | 17 (14.2) | 9 | ||
| TNF gene (-308) rs1800629 | AA | 4 (3.4) | 3 | NS |
| GA | 31 (26.1) | 33 | ||
| GG | 84 (70.6) | 83 | ||
| TNF gene (-238) rs361525 | AA | 2 (1.7) | 1 | NS |
| GA | 15 (12.5) | 17 | ||
| GG | 103 (85.8) | 102 | ||
Table 2 Clinical and demographic patient characteristics n (%)
| Variables | Total | Anti-TNF treatment | P value | |
| Non-responders | Ever responders | |||
| Total | 121 (100) | 21 (17) | 100 (83) | NA |
| Patient demographics | ||||
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 71 (59) | 15 (71) | 56 (56) | NS |
| Male | 50 (41) | 6 (29) | 44 (44) | |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 112 (93) | 21 (100) | 91 (91) | NS |
| African American | 9 (7) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (9) | |
| Socioeconomic status1 | ||||
| 1st Quartile | 24 (20) | 4 (19) | 20 (20) | NS |
| 2nd Quartile | 40 (33) | 6 (29) | 34 (34) | |
| 3rd Quartile | 29 (24) | 3 (14) | 26 (26) | |
| 4th Quartile | 28 (23) | 8 (38) | 20 (20) | |
| Montreal classification | ||||
| Age of onset (A) | ||||
| A1 - below 16 years old | 14 (12) | 1 (5) | 13 (13) | NS |
| A2 - between 17 and 40 years old | 90 (74) | 17 (81) | 73 (73) | |
| A3 - above 40 years old | 17 (14) | 3 (14) | 14 (14) | |
| Location (L) | ||||
| L1 - ileal | 15 (12) | 1 (5) | 14 (14) | NS |
| L2 - colonic | 32 (26) | 5 (24) | 27 (27) | |
| L3 - ileocolonic | 74 (61) | 15 (71) | 59 (59) | |
| Location (L4) upper | ||||
| No upper GI disease | 118 (98) | 21 (100) | 97 (97) | NS |
| L4 - upper GI disease | 3 (2) | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | |
| Behavior (B) | ||||
| B1 - non-stricturing, non-penetrating | 36 (30) | 4 (19) | 32 (32) | 0.1 |
| B2 - stricturing | 45 (37) | 12 (57) | 33 (33) | |
| B3 - penetrating | 40 (33) | 5 (24) | 35 (35) | |
| Behavior (p) perianal disease | ||||
| No perianal disease | 84 (69) | 18 (86) | 66 (66) | 0.08 |
| p - perianal disease present | 37 (31) | 3 (14) | 34 (34) | |
| Anti-TNF treatment type | ||||
| Drugs received | ||||
| Infliximab | 46 (38) | 10 (48) | 36 (36) | NS |
| Adalimumab | 45 (38) | 5 (24) | 40 (40) | |
| Infliximab and Adalimumab2 | 29 (24) | 6 (29) | 23 (23) | |
| Certolizumab pegol | 5 | 0 | 5 | |
Table 3 Single nucleotide polymorphisms tested with genotype and allele distribution for entire patients group n (%)
| Genotype distribution | Allele distribution | ||||||
| SNP | Location relative to gene (Chromosome number) | Nucleotide change | Assay successful | Genotype | Frequency | Allele | Frequency |
| ATG16L1 rs10210302 | 2 kb upstream (2) | C/T | 119 (98) | CC | 25 (21.0) | Total | 238 |
| TC | 57 (47.9) | C | 107 (45.0) | ||||
| TT | 37 (31.1) | T | 131 (55.0) | ||||
| ATG16L1 rs2241880 | Thr300Ala (2) | A/G | 120 (99) | AA | 27 (22.5) | Total | 240 |
| GA | 57 (47.5) | A | 111 (46.3) | ||||
| GG | 36 (30.0) | G | 129 (53.7) | ||||
| FAS ligand rs763110 | -843 (1) | C/T | 115 (95) | CC | 42 (36.5) | Total | 230 |
| TC | 54 (47.0) | C | 138 (60.0) | ||||
| TT | 19 (16.5) | T | 92 (40.0) | ||||
| IBD5 rs2522057 | Intergenic region (5) | C/G | 120 (99) | CC | 35 (29.2) | Total | 240 |
| GC | 49 (40.8) | C | 119 (49.6) | ||||
| GG | 36 (30.0) | G | 121 (50.4) | ||||
| FCGR 3A rs396991 | Phe175Val (1) | C/G | 120 (99) | AA | 70 (58.3) | Total | 240 |
| AC | 33 (27.5) | A | 173 (72.1) | ||||
| CC | 17 (14.2) | C | 67 (27.9) | ||||
| TNF gene (-308) rs1800629 | promotor region (6) | A/G | 119 (98) | AA | 4 (3.4) | Total | 238 |
| GA | 31 (26.1) | A | 39 (19.6) | ||||
| GG | 84 (70.6) | G | 199 (80.4) | ||||
| TNF gene (-238) rs361525 | promotor region (6) | A/G | 120 (99) | AA | 2 (1.7) | Total | 240 |
| GA | 15 (12.5) | A | 19 (7.9) | ||||
| GG | 103 (85.8) | G | 221 (92.1) | ||||
Table 4 Single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes according to anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment response
| SNP | Genotype | Anti-TNF treatment response | P value1 | |
| Non-responders | Responders | |||
| ATG16L1 rs10210302 | CC | 5 (25.0) | 20 (20.2) | NS |
| TC | 9 (45.0) | 48 (48.5) | ||
| TT | 6 (30.0) | 31 (31.3) | ||
| ATG16L1 rs2241880 | AA | 5 (23.8) | 22 (22.2) | NS |
| GA | 10 (47.6) | 47 (47.5) | ||
| GG | 6 (28.6) | 30 (30.3) | ||
| FAS Ligand rs763110 | CC | 12 (60.0) | 30 (31.6) | 0.042 |
| TC | 5 (25.0) | 49 (51.6) | ||
| TT | 3 (15.0) | 16 (16.8) | ||
| FAS Ligand rs763110 (grouped) | CC | 12 (60.0) | 30 (31.6) | 0.016 OR = 3.23, 95%CI: 1.20-8.78 |
| TC + TT | 8 (40.0) | 65 (68.4) | ||
| IBD5 rs2522057 | CC | 6 (28.6) | 29 (29.3) | NS |
| GC | 9 (42.9) | 40 (40.4) | ||
| GG | 6 (28.6) | 30 (30.3) | ||
| FCGR 3A rs396991 | AA | 11 (52.4) | 59 (59.6) | NS |
| AC | 6 (28.6) | 27 (27.3) | ||
| CC | 4 (19.0) | 13 (13.1) | ||
| TNF gene (-308) rs1800629 | AA | 2 (10.0) | 2 (2.0) | 0.088 |
| GA | 7 (35.0) | 24 (24.2) | ||
| GG | 11 (55.0) | 73 (73.7) | ||
| TNF gene (-308) rs1800629 (grouped) | AA + GA | 9 (45.0) | 26 (26.3) | 0.093 OR = 2.29, 95%CI: 0.85-6.17 |
| GG | 11 (55.0) | 73 (73.7) | ||
| TNF gene (-238) rs361525 | AA | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.0) | NS |
| GA | 2 (10.0) | 13 (13.0) | ||
| GG | 18 (90.0) | 85 (85.0) | ||
Table 5 Univariable logistic regression data regarding factors associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment failure
| Covariate | P value |
| Demographic variables | |
| Gender | NS |
| Race | NS |
| Montreal Classification | |
| Age of onset (A) Montreal | NS |
| Location (L) Montreal | NS |
| Location (L4) upper GI Montreal | NS |
| Behavior (B) Montreal | 0.131 |
| Behavior (p) perianal Montreal | 0.091 |
| SNP variables | |
| ATG16L1 rs10210302 | NS |
| ATG16L1 rs2241880 | NS |
| FAS Ligand rs763110 | 0.0571 |
| FAS Ligand rs763110 (TC + TT grouped) | 0.021 |
| IBD5 rs2522057 | NS |
| FCGR 3A rs396991 | NS |
| TNF gene (-308) rs1800629 | 0.131 |
| TNF gene (-308) rs1800629 (AA + GA grouped) | 0.0991 |
| TNF gene(-238) rs361525 | NS |
Table 6 Multivariable logistic regression models predicting anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment failure
| Model | Variable | Class | Estimate | Global P value | OR (95%CI) |
| a | FAS ligand rs763110 (TC + TT grouped) | CC | 1.460 | 0.009 | 4.30 (1.45-12.80) |
| TC+TT | 0 | ||||
| Montreal behavior (B) | B1 | -0.083 | NS | 0.92 (0.21-3.96) | |
| B2 | 1.158 | 3.18 (0.89-11.34) | |||
| B3 | 0 | ||||
| Montreal behavior (p) perianal | No | 0.964 | NS | 2.62 (0.68-10.09) | |
| Yes | 0 | ||||
| b | TNF gene (-308) rs1800629 (AA+GA grouped) | AA+GA | 1.056 | 0.049 | 2.88 (1.01-8.22) |
| GG | 0 | ||||
| Montreal Behavior (B) | B1 | -0.153 | NS | 0.86 (0.20-3.59) | |
| B2 | 0.826 | 2.28 (0.68-7.61) | |||
| B3 | 0 | ||||
| Montreal Behavior (p) perianal | No | 1.213 | NS | 3.36 (0.87-12.93) | |
| Yes | 0 | ||||
| c | FAS ligand (CC genotype) and TNF gene -308 (AA or GA genotype) combined | CC and AA or GA | 1.560 | 0.015 | 4.76 (1.35-16.77) |
| Other | 0 | ||||
| Montreal behavior (B) | B1 | -0.022 | NS | 0.98 (0.23-4.22) | |
| B2 | 0.950 | 2.59 (0.73-9.17) | |||
| B3 | 0 | ||||
| Montreal behavior (p) perianal | No | 0.970 | NS | 2.64 (0.69-10.10) | |
| Yes | 0 |
- Citation: Netz U, Carter JV, Eichenberger MR, Dryden GW, Pan J, Rai SN, Galandiuk S. Genetic polymorphisms predict response to anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment in Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(27): 4958-4967
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v23/i27/4958.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i27.4958
