Perinatal transmission in infants of mothers with chronic hepatitis B in California

Table 1 Univariate analysis of infant characteristics among those with maternal hepatitis B virus DNA results n (%)

Infant characteristics	Cases (n = 27)	Controls (n = 135)	OR	P value
Sex
Male	17 (63.0)	73 (54.1)	Reference
Female	10 (37.0)	62 (45.9)	0.693 (0.296-1.623)	0.398
Birthweight1
> 2500 g	25 (92.6)	121 (89.6)	Reference
< 2500 g	2 (7.4)	14 (10.4)	0.692 (0.148-3.235)	0.640
Gestational age2
Full term	25 (92.6)	116 (85.9)	Reference
Preterm	2 (7.4)	17 (12.6)	0.546 (0.118-2.515)	0.437
Unknown	0 (0)	2 (1.5)	-	-
Errors with HBIG or Birth Dose
None	26 (96.3)	132 (97.8)	Reference
Any	1 (3.7)	3 (2.2)	1.692 (0.169-16.912)	0.654
Late or incomplete series
No	24 (88.9)	117 (86.7)	Reference
Yes	3 (11.1)	18 (13.3)	0.813 (0.222-2.978)	0.754

¹Birthweight defined by different Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations for vaccination at this weight threshold;

²Full term defined as ≥ 37 wk and preterm defined as < 37 wk gestation. HBIG: Hepatitis B immunoglobulin.

Table 2 Univariate analysis of maternal characteristics among infants with maternal hepatitis B virus DNA results n (%)

Maternal characteristics	Cases (n = 27)	Controls (n = 135)	OR	P value
Age (yr)
< 25	5 (18.5)	17 (12.6)	Reference
25-34	14 (51.9)	75 (55.6)	0.635 (0.201-2.002)	0.438
> 35	8 (29.6)	43 (31.9)	0.633 (0.181-2.209)	0.473
Race
Not Asian/Pacific Islander	1 (3.7)	21 (15.6)	Reference
Asian/Pacific Islander	26 (96.3)	114 (81.4)	4.790 (0.616-37.234)	0.129
Foreign born
No	2 (7.4)	17 (12.6)	Reference
Yes	25 (92.6)	118 (87.4)	1.801 (0.391-8.295)	0.450
Education
Greater than High school	14 (51.9)	74 (54.8)	Reference
High school or less	13 (48.2)	61 (45.2)	1.126 (0.492-2.577)	0.778
Insurance Prenatal Care
Non-government	16 (59.3)	63 (46.7)	Reference
Government	10 (37.0)	72 (53.3)	0.547 (0.232-1.292)	0.169
Unknown	1 (3.7)	0 (0)	-	-
Primigravid
No	12 (44.4)	76 (56.3)	Reference
Yes	15 (55.6)	59 (43.7)	1.610 (0.701-3.699)	0.262
Nulliparous
No	11 (40.7)	65 (48.2)	Reference
Yes	16 (59.3)	70 (51.9)	1.351 (0.584-3.124)	0.482
Delivery type
Non cesarean	21 (77.8)	100 (74.1)	Reference
Cesarean	5 (18.6)	35 (25.9)	0.680 (0.239-1.942)	0.472
Unknown	1 (3.7)	0 (0)	-	-

Table 3 Association between maternal laboratory results and infant hepatitis B virus infection n (%)

Maternal laboratory results	Cases (n = 27)	Controls (n = 135)	OR	P value
HBV DNA Levels
< 2 × 107 IU/mL	2 (7.4)	110 (81.5)	Reference
> 2 × 107 IU/mL	25 (92.6)	25 (18.5)	54.499 (12.219-247.550)	< 0.001
HBeAg Results
Negative	1 (3.7)	96 (71.1)	Reference
Positive	19 (70.4)	39 (28.9)	46.757 (6.051-361.317)	< 0.001
Unknown	7 (25.9)	0 (0.0)	-

Some mothers had HBV DNA and HBeAg testing. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen.