3-Dimensional liver volume assessment in patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis during long-term oral nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy

Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection-related liver cirrhosis

Clinical features	Values1
Total number	55
Age (yr)	53.2 ± 9.3
Sex , male: female	34:21
Body mass index (kg/m2)	24.0 ± 2.5
Diabetes mellitus	11 (20.0)
Laboratory results
WBC (× 103/μL)	4507.6 ± 1703.3
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	13.2 ± 1.8
Platelet (× 103/μL)	91.9 ± 51.9
Prothrombin time (INR)	1.4 ± 0.3
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	2.1 ± 2.0
AST (IU/L)	115.7 ± 118.2
ALT (IU/L)	109.8 ± 151.8
ALP	218.5 ± 89.0
GGT	100.8 ± 94.5
Albumin (g/dL)	3.5 ± 0.6
Creatinine	0.8 ± 0.2
AFP	142.4 ± 299.4
HBeAg positive	34 (61.8)
HBV DNA (log IU/mL)	5.8 ± 1.2
CTP score	7.8 ± 2.3
CTP grade (A/B/C)	21 (38.2)/21 (38.2)/13 (23.6)
MELD score	9.0 ± 4.9

¹Expressed by mean ± SD or number (percent). WBC: White blood cell; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; HBeAg: Hepatitis B e antigen; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease.

Table 2 Liver volume change according to the independent nominal variables

Variables	No	Pre-Volume	Post-Volume	Volume change	Volume change (%)	P value
Male	34	1089.6 ± 222.6	1210.9 ± 245.0	121.3 ± 189.5	12.6 ± 19.4	0.695
Female	21	838.8 ± 191.3	941.6 ± 202.6	102.8 ± 128.7	13.4 ± 15.5
Initial NUCs: LAM or LdT	32	1022.2 ± 230.6	1125.1 ± 235.7	102.9 ± 155.2	11.4 ± 14.5	0.559
Initial NUCs: ETV	23	954.4 ± 258.8	1084.5 ± 301.4	130.0 ± 186.4	12.9 ± 17.9
Compensated LC	21	1063.8 ± 238.9	1127.9 ± 250.8	64.1 ± 137.7	6.6 ± 12.5	0.081
Decompensated LC	34	950.6 ± 238.4	1095.9 ± 273.6	145.2 ± 178.9	16.7 ± 19.7
CTP grade improvement	31	944.4 ± 224.4	1113.3 ± 271.6	168.9 ± 164.8	18.9 ± 18.8	0.005
No CTP grade improvement	24	1057.7 ± 255.3	1101.4 ± 257.7	43.7 ± 146.6	5.1 ± 13.2
MELD score decrease > 5	17	1012.9 ± 172.6	1209.9 ± 214.2	197.0 ± 199.2	21.1 ± 22.0	0.013
No MELD score decrease > 5	38	985.3 ± 270.0	1062.6 ± 272.8	77.2 ± 139.3	9.2 ± 14.5
HCC development	6	998.3 ± 202.8	990.0 ± 196.8	-9.2 ± 124.3	-0.5 ± 11.3	0.056
No HCC development	49	993.3 ± 249.1	1122.7 ± 268.2	129.4 ± 167.2	14.5 ± 17.9
Virological response	38	974.1 ± 230.2	1111.1 ± 270.3	137.0 ± 162.8	15.1 ± 18.6	0.134
No virological response	17	1038.1 ± 271.0	1101.5 ± 254.8	63.4 ± 172.7	8.0 ± 15.5
Virological breakthrough	13	1064.6 ± 255.3	1091.5 ± 168.7	26.9 ± 153.3	4.9 ± 14.5	0.030
No virological breakthrough	42	971.9 ± 237.7	1113.2 ± 287.8	141.3 ± 164.5	15.4 ± 18.2
Virological resistance	8	992.0 ± 206.0	1059.3 ± 132.5	67.3 ± 129.7	8.9 ± 14.2	0.134
No virological resistance	41	969.0 ± 236.5	1125.0 ± 286.7	156.0 ± 154.1	16.8 ± 17.3
History of stop medication	2	1369.5 ± 44.5	1257.0 ± 141.4	-112.5 ± 96.9	-8.3 ± 7.3	0.051
Continuation of medication	53	979.7 ± 235.7	1102.5 ± 265.9	122.8 ± 164.4	13.7 ± 17.7

LC: Liver cirrhosis; LAM: Lamivudine, LdT: Telbivudine; NUCs: Nucleos(t)ide analogues; ETV: Entecavir; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.

Table 3 Association of liver volume change with independent variables by univariate linear regression analysis

Variables	R2	β	Standard error	P value
Age	0.002	-0.766	2.473	0.758
Body mass index	0.000	-0.419	10.708	0.969
At treatment (baseline)
WBC	0.027	0.016	0.013	0.228
Hemoglobin	0.013	10.858	12.864	0.402
Platelet	0.000	0.050	0.445	0.912
AST	0.162	0.571	0.179	0.002
ALT	0.191	0.483	0.137	0.001
Prothrombin time, INR	0.061	157.794	85.278	0.070
Total bilirubin	0.101	26.334	10.797	0.018
Albumin	0.036	-53.958	38.081	0.162
Creatinine	0.000	-12.157	153.255	0.937
AFP	0.122	0.196	0.072	0.009
Serum HBV DNA	0.014	16.265	18.788	0.391
CTP score	0.070	18.954	9.470	0.050
MELD score	0.081	9.650	4.466	0.035
Follow-up
ALT	0.013	-0.936	1.135	0.414
Prothrombin time, INR	0.097	-415.040	173.546	0.020
Total bilirubin	0.096	-79.343	33.496	0.022
Albumin	0.165	147.769	45.702	0.002
Creatinine	0.015	106.249	116.561	0.366
Serum HBV DNA	0.035	-13.407	9.720	0.174
CTP score	0.068	-39.884	20.313	0.055
MELD score	0.009	-6.209	9.098	0.498
Delta (Follow-up - Baseline)
ALT	0.210	-0.513	0.137	< 0.001
Prothrombin time, INR	0.158	-254.936	80.880	0.003
Total bilirubin	0.158	-31.355	9.943	0.003
Albumin	0.237	132.268	32.604	< 0.001
Creatinine	0.024	151.708	134.270	0.264
Serum HBV DNA improvement (log)	0.084	12.505	5.681	0.032
CTP score	0.236	-49.313	12.183	< 0.001
MELD score	0.126	-12.873	4.655	0.008
Duration of virological response	0.000	-0.016	0.176	0.930

WBC: White blood cell; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease.

Table 4 Association of liver volume change with independent variables by multiple linear regression analysis

	R2	β	Standard error	P value
Delta albumin	0.347	105.006	31.820	0.002
Delta ALT		-0.388	0.131	0.005

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.